Photoreduction of CO2 into sustainable and green solar fuels is generally believed to be an appealing solution to simultaneously overcome both environmental problems and energy crisis. The low selectivity of challenging multi-electron CO2 photoreduction reactions makes it one of the holy grails in heterogeneous photocatalysis. This Review highlights the important roles of cocatalysts in selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction into solar fuels using semiconductor catalysts. A special emphasis in this review is placed on the key role, design considerations and modification strategies of cocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction. Various cocatalysts, such as the biomimetic, metal-based, metal-free, and multifunctional ones, and their selectivity for CO2 photoreduction are summarized and discussed, along with the recent advances in this area. This Review provides useful information for the design of highly selective cocatalysts for photo(electro)reduction and electroreduction of CO2 and complements the existing reviews on various semiconductor photocatalysts.

Cocatalysts for Selective Photoreduction of CO2 into Solar Fuels.

An efficient binary Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2WO6 Z-scheme heterojunction was fabricated through a facile hydrothermal route. The obtained Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2WO6 displays high catalytic activity for rhodamine B (RhB) photodegradation, and 100% of RhB was photodegraded by Bi2Fe4O9 (7%)/Bi2WO6 within 90 min, which is much better than that by pure Bi2Fe4O9 and Bi2WO6. The effective photoinduced carrier separation, the broadened photoabsorption range, high oxidation capacity of hole, and the high reduction power of electron are in charge of the elevated catalytic activity because of the formed Z-scheme system. In addition, the effects such as pollutant concentration, pH, inorganic anions, and water sources exerted on photocatalytic performance were also investigated, and the results suggest that Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2WO6 still possesses a high photocatalytic performance. The free-radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance spin-trapping technology disclose that hole (h+), hydroxy radical (•OH), and superoxide radical (•O2-) are cardinal active radicals in the catalytic system. In terms of the above experimental analysis, a possible photodegradation mechanism of the as-fabricated photocatalyst is thoroughly elucidated. In addition, the possible RhB photodegradation pathway is also raised in the light of the analysis of liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry. In addition, Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2WO6 composite does not display dramatic reduction of the catalytic performance after five recycles. Thus, this study reveals that the as-obtained Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2WO6 catalyst has a great prospect for the environmental purification.

Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Z-Scheme Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2WO6 Heterojunction Photocatalyst with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity.

Visible-light-driven photocatalysts prepared using renewable resources are crucial but challenging to develop for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants, which is required to solve ever-increasing water deterioration issues. In this study, we report a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant dye. Green-emissive carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized from pear juice via a facile, scalable, one-pot solvothermal process. The as-synthesized CQDs exhibit superior photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation owing to their efficient light absorption, electron transfer, and separation of photogenerated charge carriers, facilitating ~99.5% degradation of MB within 130 min. A possible mechanism for the photocatalysis is proposed on the basis of comprehensive active species trapping experiments. Furthermore, the CQDs were used in a specific sensitive assay for Fe(III) and ascorbic acid (AA), even with interference from other metal ions. The fluorescence emission of CQDs was “turned off” specifically upon binding of Fe(III) and “turned on” with AA. The prepared CQDs represent efficient photocatalysts and fluorescent probes that are not restricted by toxicity, cost, or lack of scalability.

/pdf/biomass-derived-carbon-quantum-dots-for-visible-light-2ab3emmp70.pdf

Biomass-derived Carbon Quantum Dots for Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalysis and Label-Free Detection of Fe(III) and Ascorbic acid.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has long been considered to be one of the most promising approaches to tackling the myriad environmental issues However, there are still many challenges for designing efficient and cost-effective photocatalysts and photocatalytic degradation systems for application in practical environmental remediation In this review, we first systematically introduced the fundamental principles on the photocatalytic pollutant degradation Then, the important considerations in the design of photocatalytic degradation systems are carefully addressed, including charge carrier dynamics, catalytic selectivity, photocatalyst stability, pollutant adsorption and photodegradation kinetics Especially, the underlying mechanisms are thoroughly reviewed, including investigation of oxygen reduction properties and identification of reactive oxygen species and key intermediates This review in environmental photocatalysis may inspire exciting new directions and methods for designing, fabricating and evaluating photocatalytic degradation systems for better environmental remediation and possibly other relevant fields, such as photocatalytic disinfection, water oxidation, and selective organic transformations

Review on design and evaluation of environmental photocatalysts

Semiconductor-based heteronanostructures with the high carriers-flow steering and high activity and stability in the visible-light-driven multicomponent photocatalytic system have been of great concern due to its long-standing demand in the wide application of environmental protection and energy conversion. However, the construction of ternary-component nanocrystals usally undergos multiple complex steps to restrict its application. In the work, we successfully report the facile design and synthesis of a novel double Z-scheme Zn3(VO4)2/Zn2V2O7/ZnO ternary heteronanostructure system (THS) via self-phase transition with heating on basis of the Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O precursor in a low-cost microwave hydrothermal assistant, which exhibited excellent photocatalytic performances. In this case, the employment of Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O as the heteronanostructure precursor is the key for fabricating the THS material, which not only boosted the interaction with its structure and but also maintained the mesoporous nanosheet structure. It has been proved that Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O firstly lost it H2O and then the partial Zn3(VO4)2 underwent the self-phase transition process to produce Zn2V2O7 and ZnO (Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O → Zn3(VO4)2 → Zn2V2O7 + ZnO), which obtained the double Z-scheme THS. Accordingly, the interfacial-dominated photocatalysis reactivities such as the removal of phenols and dyes were used as ideal experiments to verify the responsibility of the constructed double Z-scheme THS material that was equipped with the narrow band gap, intimate contact interface, the wide visible light absortion and more efficient charge transfer and separation for high visible-light photocatalytic reactivity and stable cycling. PL spectra, radicals trapping experiments and ESR tests confirmed that the nontraditional transport of photoinduced h+ and e− caused by double Z-scheme mechanism played an important role in the efficient removing the target pollutants. Such a synthetic approach maybe render double Z-scheme THS to advance the development for large-scale applications of the hetero-transition metal vanadates.

Phase transformation and microwave hydrothermal guided a novel double Z-scheme ternary vanadate heterojunction with highly efficient photocatalytic performance

复合微量NCQDs对提高Ag 2 CO 3 半导体降解苯酚的光催化性能研究

高压下超导氢化物研究进展

基于电荷转移的分子基铁电和磁电材料

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复合微量NCQDs对提高Ag 2 CO 3 半导体降解苯酚的光催化性能研究

高压下超导氢化物研究进展

基于电荷转移的分子基铁电和磁电材料