Abstract Portable electronic devices and electric vehicles have become indispensable in daily life and caused an increasing demand for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high‐energy‐density. This work compares the intrinsic characteristics and Li + conduction mechanisms of various electrolytes, aiming at emphasizing their suitability for high‐energy‐density LIBs. Among all electrolytes, polymer‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) are the most promising candidates, as they demonstrate the most comprehensive properties. The advantages and disadvantages of commonly used polymer matrix materials of SSEs are discussed, along with typical approaches to address their limitations. As significant issues for high‐energy‐density and cycle stability, the development related to the cathode/electrolyte interfacial contact and wetting, interfacial electrochemical compatibility, and interfacial Li + conduction in LIBs employing polymer‐based SSEs, as well as the anode/electrolyte interfacial chemical stability and lithium dendrite suppression are comprehensively reviewed and analyzed. Finally, perspectives on future research directions for developing high‐energy‐density LIBs are highlighted building upon the existing literature. 

Polymer‐Based Solid‐State Electrolytes for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries – Review

Recent developments in wearable and implanted devices have resulted in numerous, unprecedented capabilities that generate increasingly detailed information about a user's health or provide targeted therapy. However, options for powering such systems remain limited to conventional batteries which are large and have toxic components and as such are not suitable for close integration with the human body. This review provides an in-depth overview of biofluid-activated electrochemical energy devices, an emerging class of energy sources judiciously designed for biomedical applications. These unconventional energy devices are composed of biocompatible materials that harness the inherent chemistries of various biofluids to produce useable electrical energy. This article covers examples of such biofluid-activated energy devices in the form of biofuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. Advances in materials, design engineering, and biotechnology that form the basis for high performance, biofluid-activated energy devices are discussed. Innovations in hybrid manufacturing and heterogeneous integration of device components to maximize power output are also included. Finally, key challenges and future scope of this nascent field are provided. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.202303197

Biofluid-Activated Biofuel Cells, Batteries, and Supercapacitors - A Comprehensive Review.

Flexible composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) show great potential in high-energy all-solid-state lithium metal batteries owing to their easy fabrication, good electrochemical properties, and high safety. However, it remains challenging to achieve good interfacial compatibility between inorganic fillers and polymer, which affects lithium-ion transport and electrochemical performances of CSEs. Herein, we design a Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) filler coated with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO) Janus layer for poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO) electrolyte (denoted as MEMO@LLZTO-PEO). We demonstrate the effect of MEMO coating on ionic transport of CSEs by the combined experimental and theoretical methods. The MEMO Janus layer facilitates uniform dispersion of filler in polymer as well as dissociates more lithium salt, which leads to much improved ionic conductivity of MEMO@LLZTO-PEO (2.16 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 ℃). Besides, MEMO@LLZTO could immobilize lithium salt anions via hydrogen bonding interactions and F–O chemical bonding, leading to good lithium-ion transference number (0.53) of MEMO@LLZTO-PEO. Moreover, we prepare a nonwoven fabric (NF)-supported CSE (denoted as MEMO@LLZTO-PEO-NF) to further improve the mechanical strength and safety of CSEs. The MEMO@LLZTO-PEO-NF shows great cyclability over 4000 h in a lithium symmetrical cell at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 (areal capacity: 0.1 mAh cm−2, 60 ℃). When used in all-solid-state Li/LiFePO4 batteries with a high active mass loading (>4 mg cm−2), MEMO@LLZTO-PEO-NF cell shows much-enhanced cyclability and rate capability at 60 ℃. This work also provides a new strategy to achieve good interfacial compatibility between inorganic fillers and polymer matrix in composite solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries. 

A Multifunctional Janus Layer for LLZTO/PEO Composite Electrolyte with Enhanced Interfacial Stability in Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

Solid-state energy storage devices (SSESDs) are believed to significantly improve safety, long-term electrochemical/thermal stability, and energy/power density as well as reduce packaging demands, showing the huge application potential in large-scale energy storage. Nevertheless, some key issues like low ionic conductivities, poor interface contact, and dendrites growth limit the practical application of SSESDs. In recent years, MXenes for SSESDs have received reassuring advances on account of unique parameters. Nevertheless, overall reviews about the subject are seldom. In this review, current advances of MXenes and their derivatives in solid-state Li–metal, Li-ion, Li–I/S, Na-ion, Zn–air, Zn–metal batteries, and supercapacitors in cathode/anode optimization, interface medication, and electrolyte fillers, etc., are comprehensively reviewed. First of all, essential principles of MXenes are shown, such as precursors, etching/delamination strategies, as well as superior properties for energy storage systems. Meanwhile, the classification and evaluation parameters of solid-state electrolytes are summarized. Subsequently, the application, modification mechanism, and design strategy of MXenes for boosting electrochemical behaviors of SSESDs are systematically reviewed and discussed. At last, perspectives and challenges about the future construction strategies of MXenes for SSESDs are recommended. This review shall assist scientists design and build advanced SSESDs with superior energy density along with safety. 

MXenes and Their Derivatives for Advanced Solid‐State Energy Storage Devices

Solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries are widely accepted as the promising next‐generation energy storage technology due to higher energy density and improved safety compared to conventional lithium‐ion batteries with liquid electrolytes. Large‐area solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) films with adequate thickness control, improved ionic conductivity, and good interfacial contact can reduce internal resistance, increase the real energy density of batteries, and reduce manufacturing costs. Optimization of SSE properties at the particle scale and large‐scale preparation of SSE films are key to the development of high‐performance solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries and their industrialization. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of SSE, covering both particle‐level features like the effects of particle size, density, and air stability on the electrochemical performance, as well as four major routes for large‐scale preparation and relevant strategies for structural optimization of SSE films. In addition, the effects of large‐area SSE films on the electrochemical performance of solid‐state batteries and their applications in pouch solid‐state lithium‐ion battery systems are discussed in detail. Finally, the design principles of SSE particles and SSE films are summarized and the development direction of thin SSEs is envisaged.

Challenges and Solutions of Solid‐State Electrolyte Film for Large‐Scale Applications

High room‐temperature ionic conductivity and good compatibility with lithium metal and cathode materials are prerequisites for solid‐state electrolytes used in lithium metal batteries. Here, the solid‐state polymer electrolytes (SSPE) are prepared by combining the traditional two‐roll milling technology with interface wetting. The as‐prepared electrolytes consisting of elastomer matrix and high‐mole‐loading of LiTFSI salt show a high room temperature ionic conductivity of 4.6×10−4 S cm−1, a good electrochemical oxidation stability up to 5.08 V, and improved interface stability. These phenomena are rationalized with the formation of continuous ion conductive paths based on sophisticated structure characterization including synchrotron radiation Fourier‐transform infrared microscopy, wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Moreover, at room temperature, the Li||SSPE||LFP coin cell shows a high capacity (161.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), long‐cycle‐life (retaining 50% capacity and 99.8% Coulombic efficiency after 2000 cycles), and good C‐rate compatibility up to 5 C. This study, therefore, provides a promising solid‐state electrolyte that meets both the electrochemical and mechanical requirements of practical lithium metal batteries.

Elastomeric Electrolyte for High Capacity and Long‐Cycle‐Life Solid‐State Lithium Metal Battery

Paper-based thermoelectric (PTE) generators have recently emerged as a green technology that can help alleviate environment pollution and the energy crisis. In this work, a PTE generator was prepared by coating a post-treatment-free thermoelectric ink consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) doped with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium:tricyanomethanide (EMIM:TCM) onto the card paper. By tuning the molar concentration of the EMIM:TCM to 0.17 M and with hot-pressing, the PTE generator showed a decent power factor (PF) value of 6.82 μW m−1 K−2, which was higher than the values of PTE in the literature. This phenomenon could be attributed to the synergistic effect of high-performance thermoelectric ink (i.e., PF = 175 μW m−1 K−2 when deposited on glass slide) and the hot-pressing. The hot-pressing enhanced the packing density of cellulose fibers and the associated PEDOT:PSS hybrid, which enabled the formation of long-range conductive paths. In addition, the PTE had good mechanical stability, indicated by no significant change of the power factor values after cyclic folding 10,000 times. Moreover, the structure of as-prepared PTE could be easily tuned into different shapes that are promising for the preparation of flexible wearable thermoelectric generators.

Highly Flexible and Foldable Paper-Based Thermoelectric Generator Prepared with Post-Treatment-Free PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Ink

Understand the Temperature Sensing Behavior of Solid-state Polymerized PEDOT Hybrid Based on X-ray Scattering Studies

Ionic Salt Doping for Adjustable Bipolar Thermopower and High-Power Factor of PEDOTPSS

ABSTRACT Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of devastating and progressive disorders, resulting in relentless increases in pulmonary vascular resistance. The number of studies related to PAH has been increasing in recent years. Our study aims to illustrate trends in PAH research over the past decade using bibliometric analysis. Science Citation Index-Expanded was adopted to search studies concerning PAH between 2011 and 2020. The bibliographic information was converted and analyzed automatically using a bibliometric package in R software and citespace. The annual quantity of publications on PAH showed an overall increase last decade. The United States was the most prolific country with 2,479 publications, and it was also the country that cooperated most with other countries. Hôpital Bicêtre made important research achievements on PAH and was a leader in study cooperation. Marc Humbert led the PAH field by publishing 150 articles in the past decade. During the past decade, there was a close transnational relation among countries or regions, institutions and authors. Further, Circulation was the most cited journal, followed by the Journal of the American College of Cardiology and the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, with 3,895, 3,406, and 3,170 citations, respectively. The global research status and trend of PAH are deeply understood for the first time using bibliometric and visual methods, and the results of our study bring us a valuable reference for clinical researchers. Highlights This is the first study to illustrate trends in pulmonary arterial hypertension research using bibliometric analysis. Our study provides extensive and in-depth directions for researchers. Our study may benefit further researches on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Graphical abstract

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21655979.2022.2100064?needAccess=true

Hotspots and frontiers in pulmonary arterial hypertension research: a bibliometric and visualization analysis from 2011 to 2020

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