Ensuring the integrity of quality control and assurance of consumable products across consumer goods distribution and supply chains is pertinent to ensure consumer products of high quality to guara...

Molecular (Raman, NIR, and FTIR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis in consumable products analysis1

This review highlights the pivotal role of root exudates in the rhizosphere, especially the interactions between plants and microbes and between plants and plants. Root exudates determine soil nutrient mobilization, plant nutritional status, and the communication of plant roots with microbes. Root exudates contain diverse specialized signaling metabolites (primary and secondary). The spatial behavior of these metabolites around the root zone strongly influences rhizosphere microorganisms through an intimate compatible interaction, thereby regulating complex biological and ecological mechanisms. In this context, we reviewed the current understanding of the biological phenomenon of allelopathy, which is mediated by phytotoxic compounds (called allelochemicals) released by plants into the soil that affect the growth, survival, development, ecological infestation, and intensification of other plant species and microbes in natural communities or agricultural systems. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS), such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, have opened the possibility of better understanding the effects of secreted metabolites on the composition and activity of root-associated microbial communities. Nevertheless, understanding the role of secretory metabolites in microbiome manipulation can assist in designing next-generation microbial inoculants for targeted disease mitigation and improved plant growth using the synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) tool. Besides a discussion on different approaches, we highlighted the advantages of conjugation of metabolomic approaches with genetic design (metabolite-based genome-wide association studies) in dissecting metabolome diversity and understanding the genetic components of metabolite accumulation. Recent advances in the field of metabolomics have expedited comprehensive and rapid profiling and discovery of novel bioactive compounds in root exudates. In this context, we discussed the expanding array of metabolomics platforms for metabolome profiling and their integration with multivariate data analysis, which is crucial to explore the biosynthesis pathway, as well as the regulation of associated pathways at the gene, transcript, and protein levels, and finally their role in determining and shaping the rhizomicrobiome.

/pdf/tapping-into-plant-microbiome-interactions-through-the-lens-2ccnf31j.pdf

Tapping into Plant–Microbiome Interactions through the Lens of Multi-Omics Techniques

Microwave synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles and microparticles were used to prepare a magnetically responsive biosorbent from Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus moss for the rapid and efficient removal of Co2+ ions and thioflavin T (TT). The biocomposite was extensively characterized using Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. The magnetic biocomposite showed very good adsorption properties toward Co2+ ions and TT e.g., rapid kinetics, high adsorption capacity (218 μmol g−1 for Co and 483 μmol g−1 for TT), fast magnetic separation, and good reusability in four successive adsorption–desorption cycles. Besides the electrostatic attraction between the oxygen functional moieties of the biomass surface and both Co2+ and TT ions, synergistic interaction with the –FeOH groups of iron oxides also participates in adsorption. The obtained results indicate that the magnetically responsive biocomposite can be a suitable, easily separable, and recyclable biosorbent for water purification.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/16/3619/pdf

Magnetically Functionalized Moss Biomass as Biosorbent for Efficient Co2+ Ions and Thioflavin T Removal.

Biofilm and EPS characterization of a rhizobacterial isolate BC-II-20 was done using biophysical techniques. SEM revealed surface morphology of EPS powder to be irregular porous web-like structure. FTIR spectra showed peaks of the polymeric carbohydrate functional groups with probable role in imparting biological properties to EPS. XRD analysis showed signal at 220 (2θ) and confirms its amorphous or semi-crystalline nature. EPS derived from bacterial consortium gradually increased under 200 mM, 400 mM, 600 mM and 800 mM NaCl and SEM-EDAX analysis of EPS showed increase in Na & Cl peaks under the above salt concentrations, depicting EPS-NaCl binding. Triticum aestivum plants under 200 mM NaCl stress with different combinations of treatments showed that bacterial consortium provides tolerance. Under 200 mM salt stress the shoot length was 7.74 cm and total chlorophyll was 4.16 mg g-1Fw of the uninoculated plants whereas inoculated ones were 9.94 cm and 5.62 mg g-1Fw respectively. Under salinity stress, membrane stability index was increased from 47 % to 61 % and electrolyte leakage was decreased to 48 % from 64 %, after inoculation with bacterial consortium. Therefore, consortium comprising of these halotolerant and biofilm forming, EPS producing bioinoculants provides salt tolerance and can be exploited as a sustainable alternative for stress tolerance. 

Biofilm forming, exopolysaccharide producing and halotolerant, bacterial consortium mitigates salinity stress in Triticum aestivum.

Nitrogen fertilization affects Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR) in Physalis L. species

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with the attenuated total reflectance technique was used to identify Rhodobryum roseum from its four adulterants. The FTIR spectra of six samples in the range from 4000 cm-1 to 600 cm-1 were obtained. The second-derivative transformation test was used to identify the small and nearby absorption peaks. A cluster analysis was performed to classify the spectra in a dendrogram based on the spectral similarity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify the species of six moss samples. A cluster analysis with PCA was used to identify different genera. However, some species of the same genus exhibited highly similar chemical components and FTIR spectra. Fourier self-deconvolution and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) were used to enhance the differences among the species with similar chemical components and FTIR spectra. Three scales were selected as the feature-extracting space in the DWT domain. The results show that FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics is suitable for identifying Rhodobryum roseum and its adulterants.

/pdf/classification-and-identification-of-rhodobryum-roseum-limpr-2dtop4twls.pdf

Classification and identification of Rhodobryum roseum Limpr. and its adulterants based on fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometrics

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=82716

Drivers of the small-island effect in moss assemblages on terrestrial habitat islands: a case study in mountaintops of the Middle Taihang Mountains, China

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Classification and identification of Rhodobryum roseum Limpr. and its adulterants based on fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometrics

Drivers of the small-island effect in moss assemblages on terrestrial habitat islands: a case study in mountaintops of the Middle Taihang Mountains, China