Convolutional neural network augmented soft-sensor for autonomous microfluidic production of uniform bubbles

Micromachining technology was used to prepare chemical analysis systems on glass chips (1 centimeter by 2 centimeters or larger) that utilize electroosmotic pumping to drive fluid flow and electrophoretic separation to distinguish sample components. Capillaries 1 to 10 centimeters long etched in the glass (cross section, 10 micrometers by 30 micrometers) allow for capillary electrophoresis-based separations of amino acids with up to 75,000 theoretical plates in about 15 seconds, and separations of about 600 plates can be effected within 4 seconds. Sample treatment steps within a manifold of intersecting capillaries were demonstrated for a simple sample dilution process. Manipulation of the applied voltages controlled the directions of fluid flow within the manifold. The principles demonstrated in this study can be used to develop a miniaturized system for sample handling and separation with no moving parts.

Micromachining a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis-based chemical analysis system on a chip

Controlled manipulation of quantum dots with nanometer precision is an essential capability for basic science as well as
for scalable engineering of nanophotonic and quantum optical devices. The most common methods for manipulation of
particles use optical or dielectric trapping forces which scale poorly with particle size, making it difficult to manipulate
single quantum dots. Here we demonstrate a particle manipulation technique that achieves nanometer positioning by
controlling the flow of the surrounding liquid. This approach scales much more favorable with particle size, enabling
the position of colloidal quantum dots with better precision. Using this approach we demonstrate the capture, quantum
optical characterization, and manipulation of individually selected single quantum dots with up to 45.5 nm precision for
times exceeding one hour. This technique can be used to place pre-selected single photon sources in nanophotonic
structures such as cavities and waveguides for engineering of integrated quantum optical devices.

Controlled placement of single photon sources for quantum integration

Preselected single photon sources are positioned and immobilized to nanometer precision using flow control and local polymerization. This technique can be useful for integration of single photon sources within nanophotonic structures.

Deterministic nano-manipulation of single photon sources for integration

Individual colloidal quantum dots are manipulated in a microfluidic device and used as near-field optical probes for visualizing the plasmonic mode of a silver nanowire

Near-field probing of plasmonic nanostructures with a single quantum dot

This chapter gives an overview of methods we have developed and experimental results we have achieved for precision feedback control of flows and objects inside microfluidic systems. Essentially, we are doing flow control, but flow control on the microscale, and further even to nanoscale accuracy, to precisely and robustly manipulate liquid packets, particles (e.g., cells and quantum dots), and micro- and nanoobjects (e.g., nanowires). Target applications include methods to miniaturize the operations of a biological laboratory (lab-on-a-chip), e.g., presenting pathogens to on-chip sensing cells or extracting cells from messy biosamples such as saliva, urine, or blood; as well as nonbiological applications such as deterministically placing quantum dots on photonic crystals to make multidot quantum information systems.

Feedback Control of Microflows

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Controlled placement of single photon sources for quantum integration

Deterministic nano-manipulation of single photon sources for integration

Near-field probing of plasmonic nanostructures with a single quantum dot

Feedback Control of Microflows