The establishment of systems to ensure a safe and sufficient supply of blood and blood products for all patients requiring transfusion is a core issue of every blood programme.

A spectrum of blood infectious agents is transmitted through transfusion of infected blood donated by apparently healthy and asymptomatic blood donors. Recent emerging-infectious-disease threats include West Nile virus1,2, chikungunya3, babesia4, dengue5, hepatitis E virus6, and variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease7.

Parvovirus B19 (B19V), long known to be the causative agent of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), is not a newly emerging agent. However, it deserves discussion because it may be present in blood and in plasma products, can circulate at extraordinarily high titres, can infect recipients, and, in some cases, can cause severe disease8. Its potentially severe pathological effects have become more apparent in the past decade with the widespread use of (pooled) plasma-derived medicinal products and are the main reason for the uneasy relationship between transfusion medicine specialists and B19V9.

The aim of this review is to analyse the role played by this virus in compromising safety in transfusion medicine and the progressive measures to reduce the risks associated with the virus.

Human Parvovirus B19 and blood product safety: a tale of twenty years of improvements.

Human parvovirus 4 in the blood supply and transmission by pooled plasma‐derived clotting factors: does it matter?

Studies on the inactivation of human parvovirus 4.

Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is an emerging and intriguing virus that currently received many attentions. High prevalence of PARV4 infection in high-risk groups such as HIV infected patients highlights the potential clinical outcomes that this virus might have. Molecular techniques were used to determine both the presence and the genotype of circulating PARV4 on previously collected serum samples from 133 HIV infected patients and 120 healthy blood donors. Nested PCR was applied to assess the presence of PARV4 DNA genome in both groups. PARV4 DNA was detected in 35.3% of HIV infected patients compared to 16.6% healthy donors. To genetically characterize the PARV4 genotype in these groups, positive samples were randomly selected and subjected for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. All PARV4 sequences were found to be genotype 1 and clustered with the reference sequences of PARV4 genotype 1. J. Med. Virol. 88:1314-1318, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

First report of human parvovirus 4 detection in Iran.

Human bocavirus is associated with respiratory disease worldwide, mainly in children. There are conflicting results, however, regarding the existence of the HBoV in blood donors. Three hundred whole blood samples from non-immunodeficient healthy blood donors were screened for the presence of HBoV by polymerase chain reaction. The HBoV genotype of positive samples was determined using direct gene sequencing. Twenty-one out of the three hundred blood samples were found to be positive for HBoV. Sequence analysis of the positive samples revealed that all the strains were related to the HBoV-1 type with a low rate of variation among the detected sequences. It was concluded that there is a considerable risk of contracting HBoV from a blood transfusion from normal healthy individuals.

/pdf/detection-of-human-bocavirus-in-saudi-healthy-blood-donors-3n1e13o8jb.pdf

Detection of human bocavirus in Saudi healthy blood donors.

Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is present in blood and blood products. As the presence and levels of PARV4 in Chinese source plasma pools have never been determined, we implemented real-time quantitative PCR to investigate the presence of PARV4 in source plasma pools in China. Results showed that 26·15% (51/195) of lots tested positive for PARV4. The amounts of DNA ranged from 2·83 × 10(3) copies/ml to 2·35×10(7) copies/ml plasma. The high level of PARV4 in plasma pools may pose a potential risk to recipients. Further studies on the pathogenesis of PARV4 are urgently required.

Human parvovirus PARV4 in plasma pools of Chinese origin.

LB979 Mast cell activation via mas-related g protein-coupled receptor X2 is regulated by ryanodine-sensitive calcium stores

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Human parvovirus PARV4 in plasma pools of Chinese origin.

LB979 Mast cell activation via mas-related g protein-coupled receptor X2 is regulated by ryanodine-sensitive calcium stores