One of the challenges of radiation oncology in the era of personalized medicine is identification of biomarkers associated with individual radiosensitivity. The aim of research was to evaluate the possible clinical value of the associations between clinical, physical, and biological factors, and risk for development of acute radiotoxicity in patients with prostate cancer. The study involved forty four patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and TGF-β1 were assessed before radiotherapy, after 5th, 15th and 25th radiotherapy fractions, at the end, and 1 month after the end of radiotherapy. Cytokine gene expression was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The univariate analysis of circulating cytokine levels during radiotherapy showed that increased serum concentrations of IL-6 were significantly associated with higher grade of acute genitourinary toxicity. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that increased level of IL-6 during the radiotherapy was significantly associated with higher grade of acute genitourinary toxicity across treatment. TGF-β expression levels significantly decreased during course of radiotherapy. Research indicates that changes in circulating cytokine levels might be important parameter of radiotoxicity in patients with prostate cancer. These findings suggest that future studies based on multi-parameter examination are necessary for prediction of individual radiosensitivity.

/pdf/evaluation-of-cytokine-expression-and-circulating-immune-1v4k6ybbt4.pdf

Evaluation of cytokine expression and circulating immune cell subsets as potential parameters of acute radiation toxicity in prostate cancer patients.

One of the most relevant achievements of Professor Gianni Bonadonna was the implementation of the methodology of controlled clinical trials in medical oncology. It is valid for all cancer types, on...

https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/552475/2/TJ-D-17-00477.pdf

Understanding urinary toxicity after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: first steps forward.

An Investigation of Dosimetric Correlates of Acute Toxicity in Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: Dose to Urinary Trigone is Associated with Acute Urinary Toxicity

Late Genitourinary Toxicity Outcomes in 300 Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Dose-escalated Image-guided Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy.

Prostate cancer (PC) is a common cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in men in many parts of the world, although incidence and mortality rates vary significantly by population. In current medical practice, prognostic markers for PC include the presenting serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, tumour Gleason score (GS) and clinical tumour stage. However, existing pre-treatment factors cannot be used to predict acute radiotherapy (RT)-induced toxicity. Therefore, new protein biomarkers are required in RT oncology to improve decision-making, treatment and therapy monitoring for PC patients. The aim of this systematic review is to the update potential research to address the difference in cytokine expression and their association with RT-induced toxicity and clinical outcomes. Studies were collected after searching three electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. An additional search was carried out through cross-check on a bibliography of selected articles. After the selection process made by two of the authors, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Results from previous studies identified elevated levels of cytokines have been reported in several types of cancers and have sometimes correlated with disease progression or prognosis. Elevated levels of cytokine were noticed after immediate exposure to RT and their association with RT-induced acute/late toxicity of PC patients. Moreover, above studies also identified overexpression of cytokines on tumour biopsies and correlation with shortening cancer-specific survival and biochemical recurrence. Thus, altered levels of cytokine might be predictive biomarkers for RT-induced and clinical outcomes of PC patients.

/pdf/cytokines-expression-levels-from-tissue-plasma-or-serum-as-8qkfms8rse.pdf

Cytokines expression levels from tissue, plasma or serum as promising clinical biomarkers in adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a systematic review of recent findings

Acute and Late Genitourinary Toxicity after 72 Gy of Conventionally Fractionated Conformal Radiotherapy for Localised Prostate Cancer: Impact of Individual and Clinical Parameters

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Acute and Late Genitourinary Toxicity after 72 Gy of Conventionally Fractionated Conformal Radiotherapy for Localised Prostate Cancer: Impact of Individual and Clinical Parameters