http://karnet.up.wroc.pl/~kabala/2012_Geoderma_Svalbard.pdf

Initial soil development and carbon accumulation on moraines of the rapidly retreating Werenskiold Glacier, SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago

This paper presents the first results of measurements of global
solar radiation, albedo, ground surface and 2-m air
temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction
carried out in the central part of Spitsbergen Island in the
period 2008-2010. The study site was located on the coastal
ice-free zone of Petuniabukta (north-western branch of
Billefjorden), which was strongly affected by local topography,
character of the ground surface, and sea ice extent. Temporal
analysis of the selected meteorological parameters shows both
strong seasonal and interdiurnal variation affected by
synoptic-scale weather systems, channelling and drainage
effects of the fjords and surrounding glaciers. The prevailing
pattern of atmospheric circulation primarily determined the
variation in global solar radiation, wind speed, ground surface
and 2-m air temperatures. Furthermore, it was found that
thermal differences between Petuniabukta and the nearest
meteorological station (Svalbard Lufthavn) differ significantly
due to differences in sea ice concentrations and ice types in
the fjords during the winter and spring months.

Weather patterns of the coastal zone of Petuniabukta, central Spitsbergen in the period 2008–2010

The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus sensu lato) is a typical representative of Pleistocene megafauna which became extinct at the end of the Last Glacial. Detailed knowledge of cave bear extinction could explain this spectacular ecological transformation. The paper provides a report on the youngest remains of the cave bear dated to 20,930 ± 140 14C years before present (BP). Ancient DNA analyses proved its affiliation to the Ursus ingressus haplotype. Using this record and 205 other dates, we determined, following eight approaches, the extinction time of this mammal at 26,100–24,300 cal. years BP. The time is only slightly earlier, i.e. 27,000–26,100 cal. years BP, when young dates without associated collagen data are excluded. The demise of cave bear falls within the coldest phase of the last glacial period, Greenland Stadial 3. This finding and the significant decrease in the cave bear records with cooling indicate that the drastic climatic changes were responsible for its extinction. Climate deterioration lowered vegetation productivity, on which the cave bear strongly depended as a strict herbivore. The distribution of the last cave bear records in Europe suggests that this animal was vanishing by fragmentation into subpopulations occupying small habitats. One of them was the Krakow-Czestochowa Upland in Poland, where we discovered the latest record of the cave bear and also two other, younger than 25,000 14C years BP. The relatively long survival of this bear in karst regions may result from suitable microclimate and continuous access to water provided by deep aquifers, indicating a refugial role of such regions in the Pleistocene for many species.

/pdf/retreat-and-extinction-of-the-late-pleistocene-cave-bear-54y27wqd0u.pdf

Retreat and extinction of the Late Pleistocene cave bear (Ursus spelaeus sensu lato).

The relationships between meteorological conditions, permafrost active layer thickness and thermal structure were studied for a dry, polar climate site, next to Petunia− bukta (central Spitsbergen), during four successive summer seasons (2000-2003). In addi− tion to determination of the ground sedimentological and mineralogical properties, the fol− lowing parameters were measured: air temperature, air humidity (both at 2 m and 0.05 m above the ground), wind direction and velocity (at 2 m), precipitation, cloudiness, thickness of the permafrost active layer and ground temperature at 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 m be− low the surface. The permafrost level was lowered 0.7 to 1.1 cm day −1 during days with tem− perature above freezing, reaching a maximum depth of 1.2 m. The temperature of the top 0.1 m of the ground reacted within one to two days to changes in air temperature. The reac− tion period of the ground temperature at 0.5 m was several days. Rainfall events were of mi− nor importance to thermal ground structure, in contrast to sites with a more marine climate. Other meteorological factors had a very small influence on the ground temperature. During summer, a well developed thermal gradient reaching over 12 Cm −1 was observed, followed by isothermal conditions with temperature of 0C at the beginning of fall, and reversal of the thermal gradient (−6.7 Cm −1 ) in late fall. The interannual variations were mainly due to changes in summer temperature and to the length of period with snow cover in spring, which limited the beginning of thawing. The thermal structure of active layer is governed by seasonal conditions, regardless of overall climatic change.

/pdf/changes-in-thermal-structure-of-permafrost-active-layer-in-a-2c5sx1m445.pdf

Changes in thermal structure of permafrost active layer in a dry polar climate, Petuniabukta, Svalbard

Active layer temperature in two Cryosols from King George Island, Maritime Antarctica

Ground temperature variations have been analysed to the depth of 160 cm, with respect to meteorological elements and short−wave radiation balance. The database of the ground temperature covers a thirteen month−long period (May 1992 - June 1993), which in− cluded both the seasons of complete freezing of the ground and thaw. Special attention has been given to the development of perennial permafrost and its spatial distribution. In summer, the depth of thawing ground varied in different types of ground — at the Polish Polar Station, this was ca. 130 cm. The ground froze completely in the first week of October. Its thawing started in June. The snow cover restrained heat penetration in the ground, which hindered the ground thawing process. Cross−correlation shows a significant influence of the radiation bal− ance (K*) on the values of near−surface ground temperatures (r 2 = 0.62 for summer).

/pdf/the-thermal-condition-of-the-active-layer-in-the-permafrost-1un26j8ch9.pdf

The thermal condition of the active layer in the permafrost at Hornsund, Spitsbergen

The Katowice Region is the most urbanised and industrialised region in Poland. Local meteorological and circulation conditions significantly influence the pollution level. The study has integrated measurement results of temperature and selected air pollution indices (PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, O3, CO) with the calendar of synoptic circulation types by Niedzwiedz. Because the highest values of temperature inversion in the near-ground air layer occur in the south-western (SWa) and southern (Sa) anticyclone circulation as well as in the anticyclone centre (Ca) and anticyclonic ridge (Ka), the allowable limits of atmospheric pollution concentrations are often exceeded in the Katowice Region.

The role of atmospheric circulation in air pollution distribution in Katowice Region (Southern Poland)

The paper presents results of the research on the impact of solar radiation on the formation of the thermal conditions of the exposed rock surfaces of the Cracow Upland. The research comprised the structure of the radiation balance of the active surface of the bottom of the canyon, the temperature of the surface and the layer at the depth of –5cm in limestone rock on the southern wall of the canyon. The tests were performed in various types of weather. The strongest mesoclimate contrasts were observed in the radiation type of weather: differences in insolation and in the balance of radiation, thermal differences and variations within the heat flux in the rock. The longwave stream of radiation which was emitted by the heated rocks exerted an impact on the microclimate conditions and on the radiation balance at the bottom of the canyon during the night. A diverse relief of the terrain constituted a local factor differentiating the radiation balance and the distribution of the rock temperature. The quantitatively determined structure of the radiation balance and the thermal contrasts of the canyon, particularly of the rock surfaces, point to the importance of the relief in shaping the mesoclimate of even small karst areas. These characteristics determine the heat flux in the rock, weathering processes and others. The mesoclimate and microclimate of the rocks affect the biodiversity of the rock surfaces of the Cracow Upland. In addition, they shape the ecotopy of the karst canyon, among others – the vegetation on the limestone rocks.

/pdf/the-impact-of-solar-radiation-on-the-temperature-of-the-1ge2ckbbde.pdf

The impact of solar radiation on the temperature of the exposed rocks of the karst canyon (the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland)

Abstract Structure of radiation balance in diverse types of relief. The article presents the results of research on the structure of radiation balance in the full spectrum in diverse types of relief. The study was carried out on the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Poland). The varying terrain, its forms, expositions and slopes, large denivelations, and the varying land cover and land use make this small area very diverse as far as radiation conditions are concerned. On the basis of an actinometrical study the structure of radiation balance was assessed in two distinct morphologic terrain forms: the bottom of the valley and the plateau. It was proved that the global solar radiation (K↓) reaching the bottom of the valley in one year was on average 15% lower than the solar energy reaching the plateau. The all wave radiation balance (Q*) at the bottom of the valley was 16% less than on the plateau. The result of complex radiation conditions in the diversified relief was the occurrence of a mosaic of plant groups with distinct requirements. Streszczenie Struktura bilansu promieniowania w warunkach urozmaiconej rzeźby terenu. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań struktury bilansu promieniowania w pełnym zakresie widma w warunkach urozmaiconej rzeźby terenu. Badania składowych bilansu promieniowania przeprowadzono na Wyżynie Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej. Urzeźbienie terenu, urozmaicenie form, ekspozycji i spadków, znaczne deniwelacje, a także różnorodność pokrycia i użytkowania sprawiają, że na stosunkowo małej przestrzeni występuje duże zróżnicowanie stosunków radiacyjnych. Na podstawie pomiarów aktynometrycznych określono strukturę bilansu promieniowania na dwóch odmiennych formach morfologicznych terenu, wierzchowinie i dnie doliny. Wykazano, że całkowite promieniowanie słoneczne (K↓) docierające do dna doliny w ciągu roku było średnio o 15% mniejsze od energii słonecznej, jaką otrzymywała wierzchowina. Bilans promieniowania w pełnym zakresie widma (Q*) osiągał na dnie doliny wartości mniejsze o 16% niż na wierzchowinie. Odzwierciedleniem złożonych stosunków radiacyjnych w warunkach urozmaiconej rzeźby terenu jest występowanie mozaiki zespołów roślinnych, o często zupełnie odmiennych wymogach siedliskowych.

/pdf/structure-of-radiation-balance-in-diverse-types-of-relief-2grwrphhhw.pdf

Structure of radiation balance in diverse types of relief

In the southern part of the Cracow-Częstochowa Upland, the mesoand microclimatic research was started in the 1960s. After 1990, automatic measurements were introduced, multi-annual measurements campaigns were organised, and the elements of the radiation balance and heat balance were included. It allowed better recognition of the local climate differentiation and a new approach to the valorisation and typology of the mesoand microclimates of the study area.

Meso- and microclimatic conditions in the Southern part of the Cracow-Czestochowa Upland

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Z. Caputa

Author Tools

Chat about Author