Un rhinoceros Berserker, des hordes de Vanir deferlant sur la Cimmerie, le fils d’Ymir emprisonne... les references aux recits medievaux scandinaves couramment designes par les termes « mythes nordiques » sont nombreuses dans le jeu de role en ligne massivement multi-joueurs Age of Conan: Hyborian Adventures. Mais, comment des elements issus de sources presque millenaires sont-ils devenus des composantes d’une production videoludique contemporaine ? A partir de ce cas d’etude, l’auteur de ce travail s’interesse, de facon plus generale, aux phenomenes culturels et a leurs dynamiques a travers leurs processus de transmission, de manifestation et d’appropriation. Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur une demarche qualitative et empirique a la croisee des Sciences de l’information et de la communication et des Etudes scandinaves afin de developper une approche anthropo-communicationnelle, fortement impregnee par les travaux en Anthropologie. Celle-ci se fonde sur une methodologie a la fois linguistique, socio-historique, d’observation participante sur le temps long et un suivi de veille sur le temps tres long. Elle permet de constater que, des manuscrits medievaux aux jeux video en ligne, en passant par la litterature de fantasy americaine des annees 1930, le sens donne aux references aux ressources culturelles du passe est sans cesse transforme et construit en fonction de la situation dans laquelle elles sont manifestees. Ces dynamiques culturelles s’inscrivent alors au cœur de la problematique du changement et de la permanence et mettent en lumiere les constructions d’un imaginaire du commun tout en remettant au centre de la reflexion le travail des acteurs

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01492870/document

Du mythe au jeu : approche anthropo-communicationnelle du Nord : des récits médiévaux scandinaves au MMORPG Age of Conan : Hyborian Adventures

Degree Doctor of Philosophy Program Comparative Literature Supervisor Călin Mihăilescu Abstract Aristotle famously asked the question: why are extraordinary people so often melancholics? “Problem XXX,” written by Aristotle or one of his disciples, speculates that black bile, the humour once believed to cause melancholy, can promote a form of genius, a profound intellectual power. Walter Benjamin and Charles Baudelaire are two writers for whom this theory was true: though they suffered from gloominess and despondency, they also recognized that in the interior of sadness, and even madness, is a kernel of aesthetic, artistic, and philosophical truth. Melencolia illa heroica – whose theory was authoritatively formulated by Ficino, taking after Aristotle’s Problems and Plato’s theory of divine madness – emerged in the Renaissance and established a melancholy, understood as a virtue, rather than a vice, such as acedia [sloth]. This virtuous melancholy – which Benjamin referred to as “sublime melancholy,” and others as “heroic(al) melancholy” – is always flanked by its counterpart, the “splenetic melancholia.” This conception of a positive melancholy underwent a variety of transfigurations – by the path set, in part, through Dürer’s “Melencolia I,” Milton’s pastoral poems, and Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy – and turned into the “melancholy malcontent” stereotype prevalent in Hamlet and Le Misanthrope. Later, become the Romantic theory of genius, melancholy enjoyed a significant return via the writings of Blake, Keats and Kierkegaard. With Baudelaire, and the advent of modernity, melancholy is put into correspondance with spleen – classically understood as the site of black bile – with astonishing results. In the first instance, Baudelaire was able to get closer to a vision of melancholy through the relationship between spleen and idéal; in the second, he crafted an interior correspondance of spleen with(in) itself. Benjamin, in his early career, influentially reinterprets the Renaissance melancholy tradition, and its impacts on the Baroque Trauerspiel [mourning play]. Later, as his work turns to Baudelaire, Benjamin’s form of melancholy as philosophical method reaches its acme. This work holds, as its main conclusion, that the interior, dialectical complementarity of opposites, which melancholy exemplifies all along the line, is a necessary mechanism to the productions of literature and philosophy. Recommended Citation Godbout, Kevin, "Saturnine Constellations: Melancholy in Literary History and in the Works of Baudelaire and Benjamin" (2016). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 4291. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4291  Download

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Saturnine Constellations: Melancholy in Literary History and in the Works of Baudelaire and Benjamin

Immense œuvre medievale, le Roman de Perceforest reinvente la genealogie arthurienne en montrant la mise en place progressive d’une monarchie chretienne. Celle-ci emerge sur une ile peuplee d’enchanteurs et de fees, celebre pour ses merveilles et ses monstres et sur laquelle regnent deux nouveaux rois, Betis et Gadiffer. Pourtant, les passages merveilleux recelent de multiples references aux savoirs antiques et medievaux qui permettent au lecteur averti de voir l’habile illusionniste derriere le magicien, la femme medecin derriere la fee et le phenomene naturel derriere le pouvoir fabuleux d’un animal inconnu, ce qui fait de ces savoirs l’un des principaux moteurs du mouvement de christianisation du roman. En rationalisant les episodes merveilleux, en demasquant les impostures, les savoirs mettent au premier plan la notion de Nature et preparent non seulement l’arrivee du culte chretien mais aussi la consolidation du pouvoir royal. A travers le roi et la noblesse, c’est en effet l’exercice d’un pouvoir naturel et chretien qui se met en place.

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01814312/document

Des jeux de miroirs au miroir du prince. : Le traitement des savoirs dans le Roman de Perceforest

The current interest in NBIC research (nano-bio-info-cognitivo technologies), which are intended to optimize human capacities, points to deep-seated change in both our representation of the human body and the human-machine relationship. Again and again, the work coming out of genetic engineering, pharmacology, the biotechnologies and the nanotechnologies promises a human body that is less subject to illness, better “adapted” and, especially, more malleable. This in-laboratory construction of an improved body echoes contemporary concern about perfect health, the ageing process, inaptitude, appearance, performance, etc. To analyze the transformations this research causes in the representation of the body, we built a theoretical framework supported by studies both in the sociology of the body and in the epistemology of the sciences. Then, examining different popularized scientific documents written by transhumanist researchers—who openly advocate a radical optimization of human capacities via the technosciences—we observed that representations of the body pivot around three main axes. The human body is presented in this discourse as being informational, technologically perfectible and obsolete. This threefold representation of the body suggests that transhumanists’ plan of action (i.e. improving humans’ physical, intellectual, sensorial, emotional, etc., capacities) is an anthropological necessity. In their view, the improvement of human conditions means a controlled biological mutation (i.e., hybridization with the machine) because the body is “unadapted” to the contemporary reality. Thus, once adopted by transhumanist researchers, the possibilities of NBIC are taken to their extreme and given a peremptory tone. This actively contributes to promoting the posthuman, also called the cyborg—an individual transformed to be more robust and intelligent, to modulate its sensitivity and emotional states, and live longer, even indefinitely. Situated half-way between science and science fiction, this project is said to be “techno-prophesy” as it generates countless previsions based on current and potential technoscientific advances.

Culture du corps et technosciences : vers une « mise à niveau » technique de l’humain?Analyse des représentations du corps soutenues par le mouvement transhumaniste

Raven, Vol. 19, 2012, pp. 57–98 ISSN 1071-0043 ©2012 NAVA The study of flags is sometimes dismissed as a useful bit of knowledge for protocol officers and the like; the Library of Congress classifies it as one of the “Auxiliary Sciences of History”. However, the broader truth is that flags are one of the primary means by which political identities are signified, and vexillology has much to offer the student of communications.

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Applying Sebeok’s Typology of Signs to the Study of Flags

De la dignité de l'homme

Mélancolies : de l'antiquité au XXe siècle

Europes : de l'antiquité au XXe siècle anthologie critique et commentée

La Renaissance et le rêve : Bosch, Véronèse, Greco…

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