Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as highly operable nanomaterials in terms of chemical composition, structural morphology, and energy band gaps, demonstrating excellent absorption-photocatalytic synergism in achieving in-situ degradation of pollutants in the aqueous environment. However, the current research on the adsorption-photocatalytic process of LDHs is still limited. To promote the development and application of LDHs in the adsorption-photocatalysis process, this work reviews the structural characteristics and directional regulation strategies of LDHs with different dimensions. It introduces the removal performance of LDHs-based nanocomposites for various pollutants in aqueous environment, and analyzes the degradation mechanism and crucial processes from three aspects: adsorption, photocatalytic, and adsorption-photocatalytic synergy. Moreover, the review focuses on modification strategies for targeted enhancement of the absorption and photocatalytic properties of LDHs, future development challenges, and application prospects. This review aims to provide basic insights for the design of LDHs-based nanocomposites and their in-depth research and development applications in the water treatment field based on the adsorption-photocatalysis integration effect. 

The adsorption-photocatalytic synergism of LDHs-based nanocomposites on the removal of pollutants in aqueous environment: A critical review

Constructed wetland (CW), a green wastewater treatment technology, is extensively used in the world owing to its advantages of less investment, low energy consumption, simple operation and maintenance, and satisfactory purification effect. Currently, with the promotion of CW application, a variety of problems have been gradually exposed. This paper summarizes the common problems of CWs, including poor wastewater purification capacity in cold climate, vulnerability of aquatic plants, clogging risk, greenhouse gases emissions, large land area occupation and inadequate management. In view of the above existing problems, optimized schemes are put forward. At cold temperature, proper thermal insulation, additional aeration, hydraulic condition optimization, and effluent recirculation are recommended to promote pollutants removal by CWs. To strengthen the function of phytoremediation in CWs, it is necessary to choose suitable plant species and reasonable planting patterns. A variety of methods (e.g., solid sampling, hydraulic conductivity test, tracer experiments, bio-electrochemical sensor, geophysical methods) have been developed for monitoring and evaluation of CW clogging. Anti-clogging measures mainly include wastewater pretreatment, replacement of matrix, addition of chemical oxidants, biosurfactants and enzymes, introduction of degrading bacteria or earthworms etc. CWs often emit greenhouse gases (e.g., CH4 and N2O) during wastewater treatment, which can be controlled by conventional methods (e.g., flow patterns, vegetation types, electron receptor supplementation, special filler utilization) and bio-electrochemical method. CW database construction and utilization, appropriate CW type design (e.g., hybrid CW), and strict technical management and supervision are recommended to realize the standardized and efficient operation of CWs. 

Current problems and countermeasures of constructed wetland for wastewater treatment: A review

The necessity and superiorities of micro-nano structural electrodes toward high power: Electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies

Micro-nano structural electrode architecture for high power energy storage

The integrity and reliability of signal transmission in glass 3-D integrated circuits (ICs) can be improved by studying the effect of sidewall roughness of through-glass vias (TGVs) on microwave performance. Thus, in this study, the effect of different sidewall roughness of TGVs on the electrical characteristics, such as loss, delay, and impedance correction factors, are analyzed by extracting S-parameters from the CPW-TGVs-CPW model. An accurate RLGC electrical model of TGVs that considers sidewall roughness is proposed. The correction factor of inductance is verified and found to be greater than that of resistance through simulation, physical measurements, and microscopic characterization analysis. Meanwhile, the sidewall roughness was improved by controlling the laser-induced wet etching (LIWE) process of TGVs. It was greatly reduced from $1.257 \mu \text{m}$ to 25 nm. The proposed electrical model is accurately verified below 40 GHz by extracting the electrical parameters of TGVs with different sidewall roughness.

Analysis and Optimization of Sidewall Roughness on Microwave Performance of Through-Glass Vias in 3-D Integrated Circuits

A limited understanding of microbial interactions and community assembly mechanisms in constructed wetlands (CWs), particularly with different substrates, has hampered the establishment of ecological connections between micro-level interactions and macro-level wetland performance. In this study, CWs with distinct substrates (zeolite, CW_A; manganese ore, CW_B) were constructed to investigate the nutrient removal efficiency, microbial interactions, metabolic mechanisms, and ecological assembly for treating rural sewage with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. CW_B showed higher removal of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen by about 1.75–6.75% and 3.42–5.18%, respectively, compared to CW_A. Candidatus_Competibacter (denitrifying glycogen-accumulating bacteria) was the dominant microbial genus in CW_A, whereas unclassified_f_Blastocatellaceae (involved in carbon and nitrogen transformation) dominated in CW_B. The null model revealed that stochastic processes (drift) dominated community assembly in both CWs; however, deterministic selection accounted for a higher proportion in CW_B. Compared to those in CW_A, the interactions between microbes in CW_B were more complex, with more key microbes involved in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus conversion; the synergistic cooperation of functional bacteria facilitated simultaneous nitrification-denitrification. Manganese ores favour biofilm formation, increase the activity of the electron transport system, and enhance ammonia oxidation and nitrate reduction. These results elucidated the ecological patterns exhibited by microbes under different substrate conditions thereby contributing to our understanding of how substrates shape distinct microcosms in CW systems. This study provides valuable insights for guiding the future construction and management of CWs. 

New insights into substrates shaped nutrients removal, species interactions and community assembly mechanisms in tidal flow constructed wetlands treating low carbon-to-nitrogen rural wastewater

Efficient removal of nitrogen from tidal flow constructed wetlands based on the in-situ zeolite regeneration: Measures and mechanisms

Dielectric capacitors are ideal for high power pulse system due to their high‐power density. However, the traditional dielectric capacitor cannot achieve large capacitance density and combine with the high breakdown voltage. Through this research, the internal structure of photosensitive glass can be transformed into multilayer interdigital electrodes structure through photolithography and laser induced processes. It is realized through the transition from the 2D structure to the 3D interdigital electrodes dielectric capacitor. In this case, the specific surface area electrode structure presents exponential increase and dielectric layers thickness decrease, which provide a large capacitance density. The new 3D capacitors, via reducing the roughness of the electrode surface, a uniform porous inner wall improves the breakdown strength (8.15 MV cm−1, which is 2 times to photolithographic). As a result, these highly‐density regular electrodes array effectively improve the capacitance density to 48.5 nF cm−2, which is 422 times larger than that of planar structure. Moreover, the new 3D capacitors fabricated by laser‐induce exhibit smoother inner wall surface and more rounded shape of electrode holes, achieving very large energy storage density of ≈3.4 Wh kg−1 (14.688 J cm−3) and power density of ≈6.48 × 1011 W kg−1.

3D Interdigital Electrodes Dielectric Capacitor Array for Energy Storage Based on Through Glass Vias

An optimized Ni P seed layer coating method for through glass via (TGV)

Compared with silicon-based inductors, the inductors with through glass via (TGV) technology have significantly improved in quality (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) factor. On the basis of TGV technology, a new type of 3-D embedded inductor is designed for the application scenarios with high inductance density. Through this research, a new preparation process is proposed to reduce the diameter of glass porous. On the basis of fully metallizing the glass porous, larger inductance density is achieved. The fabrication procedure requires grooving inside the glass substrate. In order to ensure the normal metal wiring on the surface, the cavity is filled with organic matter. Finally, the high-density, small-porous inductor array achieves an inductance density of 67.9 nH/mm2, which is three times higher than the previous glass inductance density. At the same time, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> factor is 49 and the self-resonance frequency (SRF) is 5.6 GHz.

High Inductance Density Glass Embedded Inductors for 3-D Integration

The Characteristics of Oxygen Transfer and Consumption Process of Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands in Drained Period and the Effect of Substrate Size and Tidal Operation on Treatment Performance

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