Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption in various natural language processing tasks, including question answering and dialogue systems. However, a major drawback of LLMs is the issue of hallucination, where they generate unfaithful or inconsistent content that deviates from the input source, leading to severe consequences. In this paper, we propose a robust discriminator named RelD to effectively detect hallucination in LLMs' generated answers. RelD is trained on the constructed RelQA, a bilingual question-answering dialogue dataset along with answers generated by LLMs and a comprehensive set of metrics. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed RelD successfully detects hallucination in the answers generated by diverse LLMs. Moreover, it performs well in distinguishing hallucination in LLMs' generated answers from both in-distribution and out-of-distribution datasets. Additionally, we also conduct a thorough analysis of the types of hallucinations that occur and present valuable insights. This research significantly contributes to the detection of reliable answers generated by LLMs and holds noteworthy implications for mitigating hallucination in the future work.

Hallucination Detection: Robustly Discerning Reliable Answers in Large Language Models

Community question answering (CQA) becomes increasingly prevalent in recent years, providing platforms for users with various backgrounds to obtain information and share knowledge. However, the redundancy and lengthiness issues of crowd-sourced answers limit the performance of answer selection, thus leading to difficulties in reading or even misunderstandings for community users. To solve these problems, we propose the dual graph question-answer attention networks (DGQAN) for answer selection task. Aims to fully understand the internal structure of the question and the corresponding answer, firstly, we construct a dual-CQA concept graph with graph convolution networks using the original question and answer text. Specifically, our CQA concept graph exploits the correlation information between question-answer pairs to construct two sub-graphs (QSubject-Answer and QBody-Answer), respectively. Further, a novel dual attention mechanism is incorporated to model both the internal and external semantic relations among questions and answers. More importantly, we conduct experiment to investigate the impact of each layer in the BERT model. The experimental results show that DGQAN model achieves state-of-the-art performance on three datasets (SemEval-2015, 2016, and 2017), outperforming all the baseline models.

/pdf/dgqan-dual-graph-question-answer-attention-networks-for-3n8kvbxq.pdf

DGQAN: Dual Graph Question-Answer Attention Networks for Answer Selection

Community Question Answering (CQA) provides platforms for users with various background to obtain information and share knowledge. In the recent years, with the rapid development of such online platforms, an enormous amount of archive data has accumulated which makes it more and more difficult for users to identify desirable answers. Therefore, answer selection becomes a very important subtask in Community Question Answering. A posted question often consists of two parts: a question subject with summarization of users’ intention, and a question body clarifying the subject with more details. Most of the existing answer selection techniques often roughly concatenate these two parts, so that they cause excessive noises besides useful information to questions, inevitably reducing the performance of answer selection approaches. In this paper, we propose AMQAN, an adaptive multi-attention question-answer network with embeddings at different levels, which makes comprehensive use of semantic information in questions and answers, and alleviates the noise issue at the same time. To evaluate our proposed approach, we implement experiments on two datasets, SemEval 2015 and SemEval 2017. Experiment results show that AMQAN outperforms all existing models on two standard CQA datasets.

AMQAN: Adaptive Multi-Attention Question-Answer Networks for Answer Selection

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AMQAN: Adaptive Multi-Attention Question-Answer Networks for Answer Selection