Rice sheath blight disease, caused by the basidiomycetous necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani,
became one of the major threats to the rice cultivation worldwide, especially after the adoption
of high-yielding varieties. The pathogen is challenging to manage because of its extensively
broad host range and high genetic variability and also due to the inability to find any satisfactory
level of natural resistance from the available rice germplasm. It is high time to find remedies to
combat the pathogen for reducing rice yield losses and subsequently to minimize the threat to
global food security. The development of genetic resistance is one of the alternative means to
avoid the use of hazardous chemical fungicides. This review mainly focuses on the effort of
better understanding the host–pathogen relationship, finding the gene loci/markers imparting
resistance response and modifying the host genome through transgenic development. The latest
development and trend in the R. solani–rice pathosystem research with gap analysis are
provided.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pbi.13312

Understanding sheath blight resistance in rice: the road behind and the road ahead

Sheath blight caused by necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is one of the most serious diseases of rice. Use of high yielding semi dwarf cultivars with dense planting and high dose of nitrogenous fertilizers accentuates the incidence of sheath blight in rice. Its diverse host range and ability to remain dormant under unfavorable conditions make the pathogen more difficult to manage. As there are no sources of complete resistance, management through chemical control has been the most adopted method for sheath blight management. In this review, we provide an up-to-date comprehensive description of host-pathogen interactions, various control measures such as cultural, chemical, and biological as well as utilizing host plant resistance. The section on utilizing host plant resistance includes identification of resistant sources, mapping QTLs and their validation, identification of candidate gene(s) and their introgression through marker-assisted selection. Advances and prospects of sheath blight management through biotechnological approaches such as overexpression of genes and gene silencing for transgenic development against R. solani are also discussed.

/pdf/rhizoctonia-solani-kuhn-pathophysiology-status-and-prospects-16nf2aea.pdf

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Pathophysiology: Status and Prospects of Sheath Blight Disease Management in Rice

Rhizoctonia solani is an important phytopathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. The anastomosis group AG1 IA of R. solani has been identified as the predominant causal agent of rice sheath blight, one of the most devastating diseases of crop plants. As a necrotrophic pathogen, R. solani exhibits many characteristics different from biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens during co-evolutionary interaction with host plants. Various types of secondary metabolites, carbohydrate-active enzymes, secreted proteins and effectors have been revealed to be essential pathogenicity factors in R. solani. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species, phytohormone signaling, transcription factors and many other defense-associated genes have been identified to contribute to sheath blight resistance in rice. Here, we summarize the recent advances in studies on molecular interactions between rice and R. solani. Based on knowledge of rice-R. solani interactions and sheath blight resistance QTLs, multiple effective strategies have been developed to generate rice cultivars with enhanced sheath blight resistance.

/pdf/strategies-to-manage-rice-sheath-blight-lessons-from-i1j1499twg.pdf

Strategies to Manage Rice Sheath Blight: Lessons from Interactions between Rice and Rhizoctonia solani.

Recent advances and future perspective of essential oils in control Colletotrichum spp.: A sustainable alternative in postharvest treatment of fruits

Plants are continually facing biotic and abiotic stresses, and hence, they need to respond and adapt to survive. Plant response during multiple and combined biotic and abiotic stresses is highly complex and varied than the individual stress. These stresses resulted alteration of plant behavior through regulating the levels of microRNA, heat shock proteins, epigenetic variations. These variations can cause many adverse effects on the growth and development of the plant. Further, in natural conditions, several abiotic stresses causing factors make the plant more susceptible to pathogens infections and vice-versa. A very intricate and multifaceted interactions of various biomolecules are involved in metabolic pathways that can direct towards a cross-tolerance and improvement of plant's defence system. Systems biology approach plays a significant role in the investigation of these molecular interactions. The valuable information obtained by systems biology will help to develop stress-resistant plant varieties against multiple stresses. Thus, this review aims to decipher various multilevel interactions at the molecular level under combinatorial biotic and abiotic stresses and the role of systems biology to understand these molecular interactions.

Combinatorial Interactions of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Plants and Their Molecular Mechanisms: Systems Biology Approach.

Enhanced resistance to rice blast and sheath blight in rice (oryza sativa L.) by expressing the oxalate decarboxylase protein Bacisubin from Bacillus subtilis

Survey and analysis of simple sequence repeats in the Ustilaginoidea virens genome and the development of microsatellite markers

Characterization of propiconazole field-resistant isolates of Ustilaginoidea virens

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Enhanced resistance to rice blast and sheath blight in rice (oryza sativa L.) by expressing the oxalate decarboxylase protein Bacisubin from Bacillus subtilis

Survey and analysis of simple sequence repeats in the Ustilaginoidea virens genome and the development of microsatellite markers

Characterization of propiconazole field-resistant isolates of Ustilaginoidea virens