The ongoing development of renewable energy and microgrid technologies has gradually transformed the conventional energy infrastructure and upgraded it into a modernized system with more distributed generation and localized energy storage options. Compared with power grids utilizing synchronous generation, inverter-based networks cannot physically provide large amounts of inertia, which means that more advanced and extensive studies regarding stability considerations are required for such systems. Therefore, appropriate analytical methods are needed for the voltage stability analysis of renewable-dominated power systems, which incorporate a large number of inverters and distributed energy sources. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of voltage stability analyses of power systems with high levels of renewable energy penetration. A series of generalized evaluation schemes and improvement methods relating to the voltage stability of power systems integrated with various distributed energy resources are discussed. The existing voltage stability analysis methods and corresponding simulation verification models for microgrids are also reviewed in a systematic manner. The traditional and improved voltage stability analysis methods are reviewed according to the microgrid operation mode, the types of distributed generators, and the microgrid configurations. Moreover, the voltage stability indices, which play a crucial role in voltage stability assessments, are critically evaluated in terms of the applicable conditions. The associated modeling and simulation techniques are also presented and discussed. This contribution presents guidelines for voltage stability analysis and instability mitigation methods for modern renewable-rich power systems.

https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4826/3/1/6/pdf?version=1645272873

Analytical Methods of Voltage Stability in Renewable Dominated Power Systems: A Review

The integration of renewable energy sources in power systems has steadily increased in the recent years in the vision of significantly decreasing the carbon emissions produced by the conventional power plants Although the incorporation of the renewable energy sources in the power system network is environmentally beneficial, at the same time it poses some challenges regarding their smooth operation and control In this sense, the renewable energy sources should be considered not only as passive elements in the power system network, but, if possible, as ancillary services for the mitigation of evolving contingencies In this paper, a methodology to preserve the voltage stability of the power system after the occurrence of a contingency utilizing the renewable energy sources is presented The proposed methodology was applied to the IEEE 14-bus system and simulation results are provided

Enhancing power system voltage stability through a centralized control of renewable energy sources

The voltage response characteristics considered different load patterns are studied in the paper. The effects of on-load tap changer (OLTC), over-excitation limiter (OLE), and high voltage direct current (HVDC) link on voltage stability are also analyzed. In which, the converter terminals of HVDC link are considered as a constant real and reactive power load under steady state and the effects of HVDC control modes on voltage stability are also studied. A practical system of larger grid (Taiwan grid) connecting to a smaller island grid (Peng-Hu grid) via two circuits of long submarine cables is used to study. The strategies for improving voltage stability include reactive power support and under-voltage load shedding (UVLS) are proposed. Based on the simulation results, it shows that the voltage response characteristics are affected significantly by different load patterns. The OLTC plays an important role during the load voltage restoration. The reactive power support devices and UVLS can improve the short-term voltage stability, which makes the power system achieve voltage stability operation. However, the interactions between OLTC and OEL under HVDC link connected operation would lead the power system to voltage instability. The constant current control mode of HVDC link has better effect on voltage stability. All of these studies are performed by software package, namely power system simulation for engineering (PSS/E) in this paper.

Study on voltage stability of island grid supplied by large grid with long submarine cables considering different load patterns

The functional framework,algorithm characteristics and application effect of an on-line early warning and preventive control system for static voltage stability are presented. By applying minimum singular value and improved continuous power flow algorithm the on-line calculation of stability indices,the real-time monitoring of the load margin of regional power network and whole grid and the power transmission limits of key tie-lines are implemented,as well as prompting of early warning level;a high-performance contingency screening subsystem is realized by distributed calculation architecture,thus a preventive control strategy for severe fault can be offered. The presented system can be integrated with automatic voltage control(AVC) system to ensure the voltage statbility of power grid after the control. The numerical test results of the presented system in dispatching center of North China power grid and Jiangxi provincial power grid show that this on-line early warning and preventive control system is effective.

An On-Line Early Warning and Preventive Control System for Static Voltage Stability

In this paper, we critically analyze the optimization strategy of distribution network based on adapting adjustment of transformer's taps and review a large amount of relevant literature in order to explore the state-of-the-art research progresses in both academia and industry. By the analysis and literature review, a complete research proposal pertaining to the optimization strategy of distribution network based on adapting adjustment of transformer's taps can be formed, which points out the promising future of the relevant techniques as well as the existing problems worth investigating.

A research proposal of the optimization strategy of distribution network

Based on equivalent model of power network and voltage stability index, a centralized load shedding strategy is developed for voltage stability control in this paper. Utilizing the sensitivity of voltage instability index to load power obtained from the equivalent model, the control location is decided with considering on control capability and effectiveness of load comprehensively, and the amount of the load to be shed is calculated by solving an optimization problem. Finally, a centralized load shedding algorithm and its implementation scheme is proposed to prevent voltage instability by cooperating with on-line voltage stability monitoring. Simulations conducted on typical power systems indicate that the load shedding scheme can keep voltage stability margin and voltage level effectively to prevent deterioration of power system. More, the load control algorithm adapts to on-line voltage stability control.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6657332/6672065/06672369.pdf

Study on a novel load shedding strategy for voltage stability control

Appropriate modeling of dynamic loads is of primary importance in voltage stability studies, especially increasing use of induction machines in both consumption and generation. This paper is mainly related to short-term voltage instability depending on time domain simulation. The actuality of voltage instability research is summarized, and the mechanisms of short- term voltage stability are explained. A simple power system will simulate the load dynamics showing how a short-term voltage collapse occurs. Based on simulations, this paper analyzes frequency decay and voltage decay of power system with large generating unit out of service depending on the load model and system condition. It is useful to realize the impact of load characteristics on voltage stability and low frequency of power system, and properly design the under-frequency load shedding and under-voltage load shedding schemes to improve the power system stability.

Time-Domain Simulation Investigates Short-Term Voltage Stability with Dynamic Loads

Dynamic voltage stability analysis is mainly based on the time-domain solution of power system differential equations. The modeling of each power element has a great influence on the correctness and complexity of stability analyzing. It is a significant work to model appropriately for simplifying calculation and drawing out principal contradiction. Firstly, the dynamical mechanism of voltage stability is summarized. More, this paper employs the perturbation method and integral manifold theory as a tool for studying on the relationship of stability between the reduced-order system and original system. An important conclusion is reached that the power system quasi-steady-state model can be used for dynamic voltage stability analysis. At the same time, it must be caution to neglect the dynamic of the load in voltage stability analysis.

Research of reduced-order modeling for dynamic voltage stability analysis of power system

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Study on a novel load shedding strategy for voltage stability control

Time-Domain Simulation Investigates Short-Term Voltage Stability with Dynamic Loads

Research of reduced-order modeling for dynamic voltage stability analysis of power system