A sensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor for detection of cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 based on 3D graphene with gold nanopaticle modified electrode.

Au doped poly-thionine and poly-m-Cresol purple: Synthesis and their application in simultaneously electrochemical detection of two lung cancer markers CEA and CYFRA21-1.

The prognostic value of the preoperative albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) has not been investigated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, we aimed to assess the clinical applicability of the preoperative AGR to predict the prognosis in patients with NSCLC. We retrospectively enrolled 545 patients with stage I/II/III NSCLC who underwent surgery at our institution. The cutoff value for preoperative AGR was calculated by using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A low AGR was associated with several clinicopathological variables related to tumor progression. In the multivariate analyses, the preoperative AGR was identified as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.003) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.005). For patients with stage II and III with a preoperative AGR ≤ 1.43, the surgery plus chemotherapy group had a significantly longer DFS and OS than the surgery alone group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively); however, a significant difference in DFS and OS between these two groups was not observed in patients with stage II and III with an AGR > 1.43 (P = 0.808 and P = 0.842, respectively). The preoperative AGR is an independent, significant predictor of DFS and OS in patients with NSCLC. Our results also demonstrate that the preoperative AGR might be a predictive marker of the therapeutic effect of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with stage II and III NSCLC.

Preoperative albumin-to-globulin ratio predicts survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after surgery.

Mortality outcomes in trials of low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer are inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate whether CT screening in urban areas of China could reduce lung cancer mortality and to investigate the factors that associate with the screening effect. A decision tree model with three scenarios (low-dose CT screening, chest X-ray screening, and no screening) was developed to compare screening results in a simulated Chinese urban cohort (100,000 smokers aged 45–80 years). Data of participant characteristics were obtained from national registries and epidemiological surveys for estimating lung cancer prevalence. The selection of other tree variables such as sensitivities and specificities of low-dose CT and chest X-ray screening were based on literature research. Differences in lung cancer mortality (primary outcome), false diagnoses, and deaths due to false diagnosis were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the factors that associate with the screening results and to ascertain worst and optimal screening effects considering possible ranges of the variables. Among the 100,000 subjects, there were 448, 541, and 591 lung cancer deaths in the low-dose CT, chest X-ray, and no screening scenarios, respectively (17.2% reduction in low-dose CT screening over chest X-ray screening and 24.2% over no screening). The costs of the two screening scenarios were 9387 and 2497 false diagnoses and 7 and 2 deaths due to false diagnosis among the 100,000 persons, respectively. The factors that most influenced death reduction with low-dose CT screening over no screening were lung cancer prevalence in the screened cohort, low-dose CT sensitivity, and proportion of early-stage cancers among low-dose CT detected lung cancers. Considering all possibilities, reduction in deaths (relative numbers) with low-dose CT screening in the worst and optimal cases were 16 (5.4%) and 288 (40.2%) over no screening, respectively. In terms of mortality outcomes, our findings favor conducting low-dose CT screening in urban China. However, approaches to reducing false diagnoses and optimizing important screening conditions such as enrollment criteria for screening are highly needed.

/pdf/mortality-outcomes-of-low-dose-computed-tomography-screening-2dxpi2zzio.pdf

Mortality outcomes of low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer in urban China: a decision analysis and implications for practice

/pdf/recent-trends-in-biosensing-and-diagnostic-methods-for-novel-2nf2dkxu.pdf

Recent Trends in Biosensing and Diagnostic Methods for Novel Cancer Biomarkers

The roles of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA21-1) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in metastases occurrence and poor diagnosis in specific histological classifications of lung cancer need further exploring. In this study, we investigated relationship between elevated levels of three biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE (individually and in combination) and metastasis, survival status and prognosis in lung cancer patients. Eight hundred and sixty eight lung cancer patients including adenocarcinoma (ADC, N = 445), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, N = 215), small cell lung cancer (SCLC, N = 159) and other types (N = 49) were categorized into negative, moderate and high groups according to serum levels of biomarkers, and were then categorized into negative, single, double and triple groups according to any positive combination of three biomarkers. The cutoff values of three biomarkers for groupings were developed on the training group (N = 432) and verified in a validation group (N = 436). Clinical and laboratory characteristics were then assessed for correlation with occurrence of metastasis, survival status and prognosis between the two groups. Further correlation analyses were also conducted by different subtypes (ADC, SCC and SCLC) and tumor stages (I + II, III and IV) of lung cancers. The consistent results between training and validation group confirmed the rationality of grouping methods. CYFRA21-1 levels had stronger association with metastases and survival status than CEA and NSE in all lung cancer patients. When stratified by subtypes, these significances only existed in ADC patients for CYFRA21-1. Cox regression analyses showed that CYFRA21-1 and NSE were independent prognostic factors for lung cancer patients. However, only CYFRA21-1 was an independent prognostic factor in ADC and SCLC patients subtypes. Cox-regression results also indicated that CYFRA21-1 could act as independent prognostic factor in different stages (I + II, III and IV) of lung cancer. CYFRA21-1 was more important in metastasis occurrence and in predicting poor prognosis in lung cancer patients than CEA, NSE and positive numbers of biomarkers.

/pdf/the-important-role-of-circulating-cyfra21-1-in-metastasis-3licwkbcuo.pdf

The important role of circulating CYFRA21-1 in metastasis diagnosis and prognostic value compared with carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron-specific enolase in lung cancer patients.

Background and objective Lung cancer is the most common malignancy and is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Thus, this disease severely threatens human health. This study aims to identify the clinical epidemiology and histological characteristics of lung cancer patients in Sichuan areas. Methods We enrolled 3,761 lung-cancer patients who were identified as residents of Sichuan province and treated in West China Hospital from 2008 to 2013. Results A total of 3,663 patients from Central, Southern, North, and Western areas in Sichuan province, respectively, were enrolled. The average age of patients was 59.6 years, and patients were predominantly male (68.4%). Significant statistical differences were observed among the average age of patients, male, and pathological types in different regions (all P 60 yr) patients, and with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Patients of 2013 had lower rates of adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma but higher rates of early-stage lung cancer and lymph-node metastasis. Furthermore, the 3-year OS was not the same in different regions.
	
	DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2016.02.03

[Clinical Epidemiology and Histological Characteristics of 3,663 Lung Cancer Patients in Sichuan Province from 2008 to 2013].

Background

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) is an important factor regulating protein translation. It also impacts proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and the cell cycle of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 4E-BP1 and human immune status, recognizing immunomodulatory molecules involved in the overexpression of 4E-BP1.



Methods

A lentivirus expression system was used to overexpress 4E-BP1 in the H1299 cell line. Western blot was performed to investigate the expression level of 4E-BP1 and P-4E-BP1, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify gene expression of immunomodulatory molecules.



Results

The expression level of 4E-BP1 increased significantly after lentivirus infection (P < 0.05). Overexpression of 4E-BP1 upregulated the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.05), IL-5 (P < 0.001), IL-23 (P < 0.001), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (P < 0.001), Eota-3 (P < 0.05), and MCP-4 (P < 0.05). Most of the increases were observed at the seventh day. The variation trend of IL-10, cell division cycle protein 2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and phosphatase and tensin homolog was not clear.



Conclusion

Overexpression of 4E-BP1 altered immune status by upregulating the expression of a series of immunomodulatory molecules, indicating that 4E-BP1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target against cancer.

Overexpression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 induces the alteration of immune status in H1299 lung cancer cells.

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The important role of circulating CYFRA21-1 in metastasis diagnosis and prognostic value compared with carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron-specific enolase in lung cancer patients.

[Clinical Epidemiology and Histological Characteristics of 3,663 Lung Cancer Patients in Sichuan Province from 2008 to 2013].

Overexpression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 induces the alteration of immune status in H1299 lung cancer cells.