The aim of this paper is to present a smartphone 
based system to assess daily energy expended in physical activ- 
ity (PA). Nowadays, sedentary li 
festyle is increasingly recog- 
nized as a serious, worldwide public health concern, because 
sedentary behaviors ar 
e associated to cardiovascular diseases 
and premature death. A smartphone application has been 
developed for data gathering from internal motion sensor, 
wireless wearable heart rate moni 
tor and user filled out forms. 
The data collected have been sent to a remote server to esti- 
mate the total energy expenditure (TEE), which has been 
determined by the sum of three components: basal energy 
expenditure (BEE), physical activi 
ty (AEE) and thermic effect 
of food (TEF). In this study, the subjects have used the devel- 
oped application for seven consecutive days, which represents 
a typical week. Then, a profil 
e of their daily TEE has been 
obtained. The presented system is a useful tool to generate 
personalized recommendations to maintain energy balance 
through more active lifestyle 
and healthier eating habits.

6th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering

Non‐invasive coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography‐derived fractional flow reserve (cFFR) is an emergent approach to determine the functional relevance of obstructive coronary lesions. Its feasibility and diagnostic performance has been reported in several studies. It is unclear if differences in sensitivity and specificity between these studies are due to study design, population, or "computational methodology." We evaluate the diagnostic performance of four different computational workflows for the prediction of cFFR using a limited data set of 10 patients, three based on reduced‐order modelling and one based on a 3D rigid‐wall model. The results for three of these methodologies yield similar accuracy of 6.5% to 10.5% mean absolute difference between computed and measured FFR. The main aspects of modelling which affected cFFR estimation were choice of inlet and outlet boundary conditions and estimation of flow distribution in the coronary network.

One of the reduced‐order models showed the lowest overall deviation from the clinical FFR measurements, indicating that reduced‐order models are capable of a similar level of accuracy to a 3D model. In addition, this reduced‐order model did not include a lumped pressure‐drop model for a stenosis, which implies that the additional effort of isolating a stenosis and inserting a pressure‐drop element in the spatial mesh may not be required for FFR estimation.

The present benchmark study is the first of this kind, in which we attempt to homogenize the data required to compute FFR using mathematical models. The clinical data utilised in the cFFR workflows are made publicly available online.

/pdf/non-invasive-coronary-ct-angiography-derived-fractional-flow-2lnkxua2t0.pdf

Non‐invasive coronary CT angiography‐derived fractional flow reserve: A benchmark study comparing the diagnostic performance of four different computational methodologies

Abstract Atherosclerotic diseases of coronary vessels are the main reasons of myocardial ischemia. The value of the fractional flow reserve (FFR) factor is the golden standard for making decision on coronary network surgical treatment. The FFR measurements require expensive endovascular diagnostics. We propose a noninvasive method of the virtual FFR assessment in patient-specific coronary network based on angiography and computer tomography data. Also we analyze sensitivity of the model to the heart stroke volume.

Virtual fractional flow reserve assessment in patient-specific coronary networks by 1D hemodynamic model

Chaste (Cancer, Heart And Soft Tissue Environment) is an open source C++ library for the simulation of mathematical models developed for physiology and biology. Code development has been driven by two initial applications: cardiac electrophysiology and cancer development. A large number of cardiac electrophysiology studies have been enabled and performed in Chaste, including high-performance computational investigations of defibrillation on realistic human cardiac geometries. New models for the initiation and growth of tumours have also been developed in Chaste. In particular, cell-based simulations have provided novel insight into the role of stem cells in the colorectal crypt. Chaste is constantly evolving and is being applied to a far wider range of problems. The code provides modules for handling common scientific computing components, such as meshes and solvers for ordinary and partial differential equations (ODEs/PDEs). Re-use of these components avoids the need for researchers to 're-invent the wheel' with each new project, accelerating the rate of progress in new applications. Chaste is developed using industrially-derived techniques, in particular test-driven development, to order to increase code quality, re-use and reliability. The Chaste source code, both for specific releases and the development version, is available to download under an open source Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) licence at  http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/chaste , together with details of a mailing list and links to documentation and tutorials. In this talk I will provide examples that illustrate the types of problems that Chaste can be used to solve, highlight some scientific studies that are using Chaste and the insights they have provided, and discuss the Chaste team's collective experience of the development of such software tools in an academic setting.

Chaste: An open source C++ library for computational physiology and biology

The review presents the state of the art in the atherosclerosis modelling. It begins with the biological introduction describing the mechanisms of chronic inflammation of artery walls characterizing the development of atherosclerosis. In particular, we present in more detail models describing this chronic inflammation as a reaction-diffusion wave with regimes of propagation depending on the level of cholesterol (LDL) and models of rolling monocytes initializing the inflammation. Further development of this disease results in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, vessel remodelling and possible plaque rupture due its interaction with blood flow. We review plaque-flow interaction models as well as reduced models (0D and 1D) of blood flow in atherosclerotic vasculature.

https://www.mmnp-journal.org/articles/mmnp/pdf/2019/06/mmnp190135.pdf

Mathematical Modelling of Atherosclerosis

Abstract Patient-specific simulations of human physiological processes remain the challenge for many years. Detailed 3D reconstruction of body anatomical parts on the basis of medical images is an important stage of individualized simulations in physiology. In this paper we present and develop the methods and algorithms for construction of patient-specific discrete geometric models. These models are represented by anatomically correct computational meshes. Practical use of these methods is demonstrated for two important medical applications: numerical evaluation of fractional flow reserve in coronary arteries and electrocardiography simulation

Patient-specific anatomical models in human physiology

1D model of global blood circulation describes hemodynamics of healthy vascular system very well. Real applications demand considerations of vascular pathologies, implants and influence of external effects. In this paper we discuss how to do it on the basis of the model. The first approach is to update the state equation of the model. This equation describes elastic properties of the vessel wall. The second approach is to use a 3D model of the blood flow in the region of interest. The 3D model should be coupled with the 1D model of global blood circulation.

The Model of Global Blood Circulation and Applications

Numerical Studies of the Optimal Parameters of the Flange of a Two-Layered Reinforced Concrete Element of a T-section with High Strength Concrete in a Compressed Zone

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Patient-specific anatomical models in human physiology

The Model of Global Blood Circulation and Applications

Numerical Studies of the Optimal Parameters of the Flange of a Two-Layered Reinforced Concrete Element of a T-section with High Strength Concrete in a Compressed Zone