Organic-inorganic hybrid materials have shown excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in recent years and have received increasingly widespread attention. However, there is no comprehensive review of organic–inorganic hybrid NLO materials. In this review, organic–inorganic hybrid NLO materials containing main group metals (Pb, Sn, Bi, Sb, Ga, In, Ge, etc.), transition metals (Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, etc.) and organic ions with planar π-conjugation groups ([C(NH2)3]+, (C5H6N)+, (C5H6ON)+, (C3N3O3)3−, (HxC6N7O3)(3−x)− etc.), are investigated. The relationship between the structure and their linear and second-order nonlinear optical properties is also systematically discussed to provide useful insights for the exploration of new organic–inorganic hybrid NLO materials with excellent comprehensive properties. 

A review of the relationship between the structure and nonlinear optical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid materials

To design nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, we focused on combinations of d10 metal cation (Cd2+)-based chloride and morpholine molecules to form organic-inorganic hybrids. The O of morpholine containing lone-pair electrons can be integrated with Cd2+ by a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) strategy to build acentric structures benefiting from the second-order Jahn-Teller effect. Introduction of the high-electronegativity chlorine can make polyhedrons of acentric crystals more distorted and conducive to a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response. Therefore, (Morpholinium)2Cd2Cl6 crystals were constructed and synthesized by a solvent evaporation method. (Morpholinium)2Cd2Cl6 belongs to the orthorhombic P212121 space group and shows a one-dimensional (1D) structure with distorted [CdCl6] and [CdCl4O2] octahedrons. The short cutoff edge of (Morpholinium)2Cd2Cl6 was determined to be about 230 nm. The SHG response of (Morpholinium)2Cd2Cl6 exhibited an intensity of approximately 0.73 × KDP as estimated by the powder second harmonic generation technique. Furthermore, related theoretical calculations were performed to study the relationship of the band structure, refractive anisotropy, electronic state, and nonlinear optical response. Besides, (Morpholinium)2Cd2Cl6 showed relatively good thermal stability. This work can serve as a guide for the design and synthesis of new large NLO hybrid crystals with d10 transition metals.

Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Noncentrosymmetric (Morpholinium)2Cd2Cl6 Single Crystals: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Stability.

Low-dimensional organic-inorganic metal halides, especially lead-free perovskites, are attracting increasing attention because of their environmentally friendly processing, flexible structures, chemical stability, and promising nonlinear optical properties. Herein, we report a new stable polar 0D lead-free hybrid bismuth chloride to enable the second-harmonic generation (SHG) active material (BTA)3Bi2Cl9 (BTA = benzyltriethylammonium, C6H5CH2N(C2H5)3+) that was obtained by the antisolvent vapor diffusion method and crystallized in the polar Cc space group. Its structure features organic cations surrounded by face-sharing [Bi2Cl9]3- dimers. (BTA)3Bi2Cl9 exhibits a wide direct bandgap (3.21 eV) and a strong phase-matchable SHG conversion efficiency (1.39 × KDP). Theoretical calculation reveals that the SHG response is owing to the synergistic effect of distorted inorganic [Bi2Cl9]3- anions and polar organic BTA+ cations. This work not only enriches the family of organic-inorganic A3M2X9 (A = monovalent cations; M = trivalent metal ions; and X = halide ions) NLO crystals but also provides the possibilities for further designing novel lead-free semiconducting piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric materials.

Symmetry breaking of A3M2X9-type perovskite derivatives induced by polar quaternary ammonium cations: achieving efficient nonlinear optical properties.

XRD, NMR, FT-IR and DFT structural characterization of a novel organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite-type hexabromotellurate material

A new hybrid compound [N(CH3)4]2HgBr2I2, obtained by a hydrothermal reaction, crystallized in the noncentrosymmetric space group P212121. Its structure contains an isolated asymmetric [HgBr2I2]2– t...

Acentric Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Halide [N(CH3)4]2HgBr2I2 Featuring an Isolated [HgBr2I2]2- Tetrahedron and Second-Order Nonlinearity.

A series of noncentrosymmetric (NCS) tetraethylammonium tetrahalide indium hybrids, [(C2H5)4N]InCl4-xBrx (x = 0, 2, 4), was synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction. Their structures, thermal properties, and linear and nonlinear optical properties were identified. The crystals belong to an isomorphic hexagonal system and feature zero-dimensional structures containing isolated distorted InCl4-xBrx- tetrahedra with [N(C2H5)4]+ cations inserted as charge balance. On the basis of the powder second harmonic generation, the SHG levels of [(C2H5)4N]InCl4-xBrx (x = 0, 2, 4) were estimated to be approximately 0.5, 0.7, 0.8 × KDP, respectively. The relationship between halogen composition and band gap, optical anisotropy, and frequency doubling effects were evaluated by first-principles calculations, thus suggesting that halogen regulation favors the design of new organic-inorganic hybrid halides with excellent performances for many optoelectronic applications.

A Series of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Compounds [(C2H5)4N]InCl4-xBrx (x = 0, 2, 4): Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Nonlinear Optical Properties.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Yuqing Deng

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

A Series of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Compounds [(C2H5)4N]InCl4-xBrx (x = 0, 2, 4): Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Nonlinear Optical Properties.