https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/psi/islandora/object/psi%3A27255/datastream/PDF/Gasser-2020-Comprehensive_resilience_assessment_of_electricity-%28published_version%29.pdf

Comprehensive resilience assessment of electricity supply security for 140 countries

Evaluation of Chinese natural gas investment along the Belt and Road Initiative using super slacks-based measurement of efficiency method

With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of investments, it is of significant importance to research the oil and gas investment environment in these countries for China's overseas investment macro-layout. This paper proposes an indicator system including 27 indicators from 6 dimensions. On this basis, game theory models combined with global entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are applied to determine the combined weights, and the TOPSIS-GRA model is utilized to assess the risks of oil and gas investment in 76 countries along the Initiative from 2014 to 2021. Finally, the GM (1,1) model is employed to predict risk values for 2022–2025. In conclusion, oil and gas resources and political factors have the greatest impact on investment environment risk, and 12 countries with greater investment potential are selected through cluster analysis in conjunction with the predicted results. The research findings may provide scientific decision-making recommendations for the Chinese government and oil enterprises to strengthen oil and gas investment cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative. 

Risk assessment of Oil and Gas Investment environment in Countries along the Belt and Road Initiative

Each year, millions of tons of plastics are produced for use in such applications as packaging, construction, and textiles. While plastic is undeniably useful and convenient, its environmental fate and transport have raised growing concerns about waste and pollution. However, the ease and low cost of producing virgin plastic have so far made conventional plastic recycling economically unattractive. Common contaminants in plastic waste and shortcomings of the recycling processes themselves typically mean that recycled plastic products are of relatively low quality in some cases. The high cost and high energy requirements of typical recycling operations also reduce their economic benefits. In recent years, the bio-upcycling of chemically treated plastic waste has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional plastic recycling. Unlike recycling, bio-upcycling uses relatively mild process conditions to economically transform pretreated plastic waste into value-added products. In this review, we first provide a précis of the general methodology and limits of conventional plastic recycling. Then, we review recent advances in hybrid chemical/biological upcycling methods for different plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride. For each kind of plastic, we summarize both the pretreatment methods for making the plastic bio-available and the microbial chassis for degrading or converting the treated plastic waste to value-added products. We also discuss both the limitations of upcycling processes for major plastics and their potential for bio-upcycling. 

The current progress of tandem chemical and biological plastic upcycling

This paper,based on identification of financial risks,sets up assessment index system of financial risks which is given weight by using Delphi,and constructs assessment model based on TOPSIS and GRA,which is employed to assess the financial risks of the major target countries for Chinese investors. Risks are small in Canada,Mexico,Russia and Australia,but relatively high in South Africa,Kazakhstan,Chile and Brazil,higher in India and Argentina. Investors must consider the financial risks while investing.

Financial risk assessment of overseas mining investment based on gra and topsis

This paper establishes a risk assessment index system for oil and gas resource countries, with 46 screened indicators across 5 dimensions, namely political risk, economic risk, investment risk, oil and gas resources risk, and the Chinese factor. Furthermore, by using the principal component analysis method, the 46 risk indicators were narrowed down to 16 principal components. Subsequently, a support vector machine model was developed to assess and rank the risk of 29 key oil and gas resource countries with Chinese direct investment. Finally, case studies from Canada and Sudan were applied to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the model.

Risk assessment for oil&gas resource countries based on PCA-SVM model

This paper estimates the impact of the carbon tax on oil and gas fiscal system. Carbon tax is regarded as the widely used mechanism for carbon policy. However, few studies analyzed the impacts of carbon tax on oil and gas fiscal system. This research addresses the gap by studying how the carbon tax affect the oil and gas industry and the risk of the carbon tax. In this paper, an integrated model considering the impact of the carbon tax in the oil and gas fiscal system and using the Monte-Carlo method to analyze the risk of the carbon tax is put forward. With the purpose of comparing the Royalty and Profit Sharing Contract, the distributions of the revenue are discussed. When the carbon price increases to US$100/ton, the contractor profit will drop to zero under Royalty fiscal system. When the carbon price increases to US$80/ton, the contractor profit will become negative under PSC. The result indicates that high carbon tax results in negative cash flow.

Impact of carbon tax on oil and gas fiscal system: an integrated evaluation model

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Risk assessment for oil&gas resource countries based on PCA-SVM model

Impact of carbon tax on oil and gas fiscal system: an integrated evaluation model