Background: Respiratory tract infection (RTIs) is one of common diseases among the children. In recent years, the incidence of mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection rate has been increasing, which cause respiratory tract infection. This study sought to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of M. pneumoniae hospitalized children with RTIs to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatments in Chengdu, China. Methods: The data of 22,882 cases of children who had been hospitalized for RTIs were collected. M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was detected using the indirect immunofluorescence method and passive agglutination method. The demographic features of patients, clinical diagnoses and laboratory data were also analyzed. Results: A total of 4,213 children tested positive for M. pneumoniae. The total positive rate was 18.41% (18.30% for males and 22.72% for females). Female children had statistically significant higher positive rates than male children (chi2=198.078, P 0.05). There was negative correlation with PM2.5 (particulate matter in the air <2.5 microm) (R=-0.293, P<0.01) and PM10 (particulate matter in the air <10 microm). (R=-0.285, P<0.01). There were significant differences in the constituent ratios of cases of M. pneumoniae infection between in 2020 and other years (F=159.35, P<0.01). Bronchopneumonia accounted for the highest proportion of cases, followed by acute bronchitis and the exacerbation of asthma in 2020. Conclusions: The epidemiological distribution of M. pneumoniae in children with RTIs in Chengdu was found to be related to gender, age, year and month;however, no relationship was found to temperature and humidity. There was a higher M. pneumoniae positive rate in children with bronchial pneumonia and asthma in cases. The prevention measures used to control Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) also effectively controlled the M. pneumoniae infection rate.

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Analysis of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection among children with respiratory tract infections in hospital in Chengdu from 2014 to 2020

It has been recently shown that the adjunct use of corticosteroids in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia shorten the time taken to reach clinical stability (time to clinical stability) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Considering the hyperglycemic effects of corticosteroids, there are concerns about the efficacy and safety of this therapy for children with CAP. Our objective is to evaluate whether adjunct corticosteroid use and/or aerosolized antibiotic administration on admission to hospital has an influence on outcomes?duration of fever and hospital stay, time to clinical stability therapeutic efficacy, C-reactive protein and defervescence at 24, 48, and 72 hours after starting treatment?in a well-defined cohort of children with community-acquired pneumonia. Therapeutic efficacy is defined as the rate of achieving clinical recovery with no fever, improvement or disappearance of cough, and improved or normal laboratory values. Five academic literature databases will be searched using Boolean keyword searches. Articles eligible for inclusion are those that present original research with the study topic as MP, the study was designed as a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or clinical trial (CT) or an observational study with controls. The review will result in a narrative synthesis that summarizes the effectiveness of corticosteroid use in children.

/pdf/recent-advances-in-efficacy-of-corticosteroids-as-adjunct-15maap5z.pdf

Recent advances in efficacy of corticosteroids as adjunct therapy for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of the complementary use of corticosteroids in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We searched all relevant documents in five scientific databases from inception to June 2022 to collect clinical trials (randomized controlled trials and controlled trials) reporting on the adjunctive use of corticosteroids in CAP treatment. The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes included the time to clinical stability, therapeutic efficacy, duration of antibiotic treatment and length of hospital/ICU stay. Therapeutic efficacy was defined as the rate of achieving clinical recovery with no fever, improvement or disappearance of cough. Clinical stability was defined by improvements in laboratory values. Two researchers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the quality of literature. Statistical analysis and meta-analysis of intervention measures and indicators were performed with IBM SPSS and RevMan 5.4 software. Nine randomized controlled trials comprising 2673 participants with CAP (1335 in the corticosteroid group and 1338 in the control group) were identified and included in this study. The mean cumulative corticosteroid dose and treatment duration were 298.00±287.140 mg and 5.22±1.787 days, respectively. Corticosteroid treatment was not associated with a significant decrease in mortality (RR; 95% CI, 0.96 [0.67–1.38], P=0.83). Because of the low number of included patients in our study, more studies with larger sample sizes and high-quality randomized, double-blind controlled trials are needed to confirm the results.

/pdf/efficacy-of-corticosteroids-as-an-adjunctive-therapy-in-the-2vp3qpog.pdf

Efficacy of corticosteroids as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a persistent lowering of 

An exceptionally large wave of M. pneumoniae infections among children in Tianjin post COVID-19 pandemic

Background Community acquired pneumonia remains a leading infectious cause of hospitalization with substantial morbidity and mortality in China. At present, the role of atypical pathogens in CAP arouses peoples' concern. Previous studies indicated that MP was the dominant pathogen of CAP, but the associated factors of MP infection were rarely reported. Methods We retrospectively investigated the distribution of atypical pathogens related with CAP and compared their differences among various populations. Furthermore, we accessed the associated factors of MP infection in various population. Results A total of 3,675 patients were enrolled and divided into three groups. One thousand and eighty-nine subjects (29.6%) were infected with at least one atypical pathogen. MP was the most predominant pathogen in these CAP patients. Our study found that infection rates of the atypical pathogens were significantly different among three groups. Our results also revealed, in a pediatric group, as the temperature increased, so did the infection rate of MP, while it was the opposite in adult and elderly groups. Furthermore, in preschool and school-age children, high temperature, female, PIVs, ADV, and INFB infection were independent risk factors for MP infection, INFA infection was a protection factor for MP infection. However, in adult and elderly groups, the associated factors might be different. Conclusions The infection of atypical pathogens related with CAP is quite serious, and MP infection plays a key role in CAP. Besides, the infection rates of the atypical pathogens are different in various populations, as are the associated factors for MP infection.

Investigation on Atypical Pathogens related with Community Acquired Pneumonia and the Factors Associated with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection in Jiangsu, China.

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Investigation on Atypical Pathogens related with Community Acquired Pneumonia and the Factors Associated with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection in Jiangsu, China.