BACKGROUND There are limited data on vitamin D status of Sichuan province, and no investigation has been carried out on the correlations of 25(OH)D and BTMs between healthy Hans and Tibetans of Sichuan province. This study aimed to examine 25(OH)D levels around Sichuan province and to assess differences by ethnicity, age, gender, sunlight exposure, geographic location, and seasons. METHODS Blood samples from 2317 healthy adults aged of 18 to 75 years and of Han and Tibetan ethnicities were collected in six regions and during four seasons. Serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 levels were measured by LC-MS/MS method. Serum total P1NP and β-CTX were measured by immunoassay. RESULTS Participants aged 18-40 years showed significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than participants aged 41-75 years old (P < .0001). The median serum 25(OH)D level for males was significantly higher than that of females (P < .0001). Serum 25(OH)D levels among four seasons and different districts varied significantly (P < .0001). In addition, the 25(OH)D level of Tibetans was significantly lower than that of Hans, while the serum total P1NP and β-CTX levels of Tibetans were significantly higher than those of Hans (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Adult population was more common to have vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency among Tibetans, females, north regions and in spring and winter.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jcla.23532

Ethnic, geographic, and seasonal differences of vitamin D status among adults in south-west China

Existing data indicate an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased severity of respiratory distress due to COVID-19 infection, especially in high-risk populations. To date, the effect of vitamin D on immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been investigated solely in young healthcare workers in a few studies, yielding conflicting findings, yet highlighting that the response to immunization is inversely related to age. Vitamin D status can potentially influence the antibody titers in people with a previous (or naïve) SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, given its role in immune regulatory functions. From this standpoint, vitamin D supplementation can help reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 severity/mortality and rebalance immunological function, particularly in subjects with vigorous T lymphocyte responses to COVID-19. However, more research is needed to establish a correlation between vitamin D status and the generation of protective serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

/pdf/can-vitamin-d-status-influence-seroconversion-to-sars-cov2-25qqpk5d.pdf

Can vitamin D status influence seroconversion to SARS-COV2 vaccines?

BACKGROUND
Whether vitamin D deficiency is related to rotator cuff muscle and tendon physiology is controversial.


PURPOSE
To assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and various gene expression patterns in patients with rotator cuff tears.


STUDY DESIGN
Controlled laboratory study.


METHODS
During arthroscopic surgery, samples from the supraspinatus muscle, deltoid muscle, and supraspinatus tendon were acquired from 12 patients with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <20 ng/dL) and 12 patients with sufficient vitamin D levels (control group, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration ≥30 ng/dL) who were matched for age, sex, and tear size. Alterations in the expression of genes and proteins associated with myogenesis, muscle atrophy, adipogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis, as well as in vitamin D receptor expression, were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry and were compared between the 2 groups.


RESULTS
Vitamin D receptor gene expression in the deltoid muscle was significantly lower in the vitamin D deficiency group than in the control group (P = .043). Additionally, in the deltoid muscle, myoDgene expression levels were lower and atrogin levels were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group than in the control group (P = .034 and P = .011, respectively). However, in the supraspinatus muscle, no differences were observed between groups in the expression of myogenesis- or atrophy-related genes (all P > .05). The expression of inflammation-related genes (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) was significantly higher in the vitamin D deficiency group, in both the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles (all P < .05). The supraspinatus tendon tissue did not show any significant differences in any gene expression evaluated (all P > .05). A correlation between gene and protein expression was observed for atrogin and IL-1β in the deltoid muscle (P = .019 and P = .037, respectively) and for IL-6 in the supraspinatus muscle (P = .044).


CONCLUSION
Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with the expression of myogenesis-related or muscle atrophy-related genes in the supraspinatus muscle of patients with rotator cuff tears, unlike in the deltoid muscle; rather, vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine expression.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In patients with rotator cuff tears, vitamin D deficiency was observed to be associated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the rotator cuff muscles, without significant changes in gene expression related to myogenesis or muscle atrophy.

Influence of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Expression of Genes and Proteins in Patients With Medium Rotator Cuff Tears.

Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band (CSF-OCB) is an established biomarker in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS), however, there are no nationwide data on CSF-OCB prevalence and its diagnostic performance in Chinese MS patients, especially in the virtue of common standard operation procedure (SOP).With a consensus SOP and the same isoelectric focusing system, we conducted a nationwide multi-center study on OCB status in consecutively, and recruited 483 MS patients and 880 non-MS patients, including neuro-inflammatory diseases (NID, n = 595) and non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND, n=285). Using a standardized case report form (CRF) to collect the clinical, radiological, immunological, and CSF data, we explored the association of CSF-OCB positivity with patient characters and the diagnostic performance of CSF-OCB in Chinese MS patients. Prospective source data collection, and retrospective data acquisition and statistical data analysis were used.369 (76.4%) MS patients were OCB-positive, while 109 NID patients (18.3%) and 6 NIND patients (2.1%) were OCB-positive, respectively. Time from symptom onset to diagnosis was significantly shorter in OCB-positive than that in OCB-negative MS patients (13.2 vs 23.7 months, P=0.020). The prevalence of CSF-OCB in Chinese MS patients was significantly higher in high-latitude regions (41°-50°N)(P=0.016), and at high altitudes (>1000m)(P=0.025). The diagnostic performance of CSF-OCB differentiating MS from non-MS patients yielded a sensitivity of 76%, a specificity of 87%.The nationwide prevalence of CSF-OCB was 76.4% in Chinese MS patients, and demonstrated a good diagnostic performance in differentiating MS from other CNS diseases. The CSF-OCB prevalence showed a correlation with high latitude and altitude in Chinese MS patients.

Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in Chinese patients with multiple sclerosis: the prevalence and its association with clinical features

The main targets of this were to screen the factors that may influence the distribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] reference value in healthy elderly people in China, and further explored the geographical distribution differences of 25(OH)D reference value in China. In this study, we collected the 25(OH)D of 25,470 healthy elderly from 58 cities in China to analyze the correlation between 25(OH)D and 22 geography secondary indexes through spearman regression analysis. Six indexes with significant correlation were extracted, and a ridge regression model was built, and the country's urban healthy elderly'25(OH)D reference value was predicted. By using the disjunctive Kriging method, we obtained the geographical distribution of 25(OH)D reference values for healthy elderly people in China. The reference value of 25(OH)D for healthy elderly in China was significantly correlated with the 6 secondary indexes, namely, latitude (°), annual temperature range (°C), annual sunshine hours (h), annual mean temperature (°C), annual mean relative humidity (%), and annual precipitation (mm). The geographical distribution of 25(OH)D values of healthy elderly in China showed a trend of being higher in South China and lower in North China, and higher in coastal areas and lower in inland areas. This study lays a foundation for further research on the mechanism of different influencing factors on the reference value of 25(OH)D index. A ridge regression model composed of significant influencing factors has been established to provide the basis for formulating reference criteria for the treatment factors of the vitamin D deficiency and prognostic factors of the COVID-19 using 25(OH)D reference value in different regions. 

/pdf/spatial-distribution-differences-of-25-hydroxyvitamin-d-in-161uebdq.pdf

Spatial distribution differences of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in healthy elderly people under the influence of geographical environmental factors

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive Mendelian genetic disorder,characterized by neonatal jaundice and hemolytic anemia,affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. The purpose of this research was to investigate revalence rates of G6PD deficiency and to evaluate establish specific cut-off values in early prediction of G6PD deficiency by regions(Hefei,Fuyang,Anqing) on different seasons ,as well as to investigate the frequencies of G6PD gene mutations among three regions mentioned above. 
Methods: A total of 31482 neonates (21402, 7680, and 2340 for Hefei, Fuyang, and Anqing city, respectively) were recruited. G6PD activity conducted on Genetic screening processor (GSP analyzer,2021-0010),was measured following manufacturer’s protocol.The cut-off value was firstly set to 35U/dl Hb.Positive subjects were recalled to attend genetic test for diagnosis.The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was employed to assess and compare the efficienc-y of G6PD deficiency in the prediction of G6PD deficiency among Hefei,Fuya-ng and Anqing city on different seasons. Data was analyzed using SPSS (v. 25.0, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA)and MedCalc (v. 19.05, Ostend, Belgium). Mappin-g was performed using GraphPad Prism 9.00 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, C-A, USA) 
Results: A total of 31482 participants were screened for G6PD deficiency,and 29 neonates were finally identified with G6PD deficiency,having a overall reval-ence rates of 0.09%.Results the incidence rate on the G6PD deficiency was 0.10% (22/21380)for Hefei city, 0.04%(3/7667) for Fuyang city, and 0.17%(4/239-6) for Anqing city.The optimal cut-off values of ROC curve in the prediction of G6PD deficiency was 26.55 U/dl Hb for Hefei city(Spring:21.80 U/dl Hb,Su-mmer:26.55 U/dl Hb, Winter: 23.16 U/dl Hb),for 6.35 U/dl Hb Fuyang city ,7-.15 U/dl Hb for Anqing city. R463H (17/57,29.82%)was the most frequent variation,followed with R459L(15/57,26.31%),H32R(8/57,14.04%),L342F(6/57,10.53%),V291M (6/57,10.53%). 
Conclusion: We have established the optimal cut-off values of G6PD activity in prediction of G6PD deficiency among Hefei,Fuyang and Anqing city on different seasons ,which will aid early detection of G6PD deficiency among neonates of regions mentioned above.We have also investigated the prevalence of the regions and discovered the frequency mutations.Those results will help G6PD screening promotion and precision diagnosis for Anhui province.

Prevalence,cut-off values and variant spectrum of G6PD deficien-cy patients : based on a population-cohort of 31482 neonates fr-om Newborn Screening among Hefei,Fuyang and Anqing city

Summary Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive Mendelian genetic disorder characterized by neonatal jaundice and hemolytic anemia, affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. The purpose of this research was to investigate prevalence rates of G6PD deficiency and to evaluate and establish specific cut-off values in early prediction of G6PD deficiency by regions (HeFei, FuYang, AnQing) on different seasons, as well as to investigate the frequencies of G6PD gene mutations among three regions mentioned above

Newborn screening for g6pd deficiency in hefei, fuyang and anqing, china: prevalence, cut-off value, variant spectrum

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Ethnic, geographic, and seasonal differences of vitamin D status among adults in south-west China

Prevalence,cut-off values and variant spectrum of G6PD deficien-cy patients : based on a population-cohort of 31482 neonates fr-om Newborn Screening among Hefei,Fuyang and Anqing city

Newborn screening for g6pd deficiency in hefei, fuyang and anqing, china: prevalence, cut-off value, variant spectrum