Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

/pdf/climate-change-2007-the-physical-science-basis-1x93ttz9jt.pdf

Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

Statistics for Spatial Data.

Mitigation from a cross-sectoral perspective

The Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset builds on previous approaches to ‘smart’ interpolation techniques and high resolution, long period of record precipitation estimates based on infrared Cold Cloud Duration (CCD) observations. The algorithm i) is built around a 0.05° climatology that incorporates satellite information to represent sparsely gauged locations, ii) incorporates daily, pentadal, and monthly 1981-present 0.05° CCD-based precipitation estimates, iii) blends station data to produce a preliminary information product with a latency of about 2 days and a final product with an average latency of about 3 weeks, and iv) uses a novel blending procedure incorporating the spatial correlation structure of CCD-estimates to assign interpolation weights. We present the CHIRPS algorithm, global and regional validation results, and show how CHIRPS can be used to quantify the hydrologic impacts of decreasing precipitation and rising air temperatures in the Greater Horn of Africa. Using the Variable Infiltration Capacity model, we show that CHIRPS can support effective hydrologic forecasts and trend analyses in southeastern Ethiopia.

/pdf/the-climate-hazards-infrared-precipitation-with-stations-a-2fzhj8nya2.pdf

The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations--a new environmental record for monitoring extremes.

Separate and combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature on the branching reef corals Acropora digitifera and Montipora digitata.

The standing stock and species composition of phytoplankton (>10 μm) were studied using monthly water samples collected at Stn KNOT (Kyodo North Pacific Ocean Time Series; 44°N, 155°E) in the western subarctic gyre in the Pacific Ocean through June 1998 to June 1999 (except for January–April 1999) and January–February 2000 One-liter water samples were preserved in 1% neutrally buffered formalin Identification and enumeration of phytoplankton were made with an inverted microscope Nutrients did not appear to be depleted for phytoplakton growth during any season The vertical distribution of phytoplankton was primarily restricted by the pycnocline, and the bulk of phytoplankton assemblage existed within the surface mixed layer In July, however, some senescent cells were observed at 200 m Phytoplankton abundance clearly showed a spring maximum (ie spring bloom) in May The seasonal change in cell numbers, however, did not coincide closely with the change in chlorophyll a concentration Centric diatoms, which were composed of Thalassiosira, Chaetoceros, and Coscinodiscus, dominated all year round, and showed temporal succession Pennate diatoms (mostly Neodenticula seminae and Fragilariopsis) increased only during the spring bloom Dinoflagellates (mostly Gymnodinium and Prorocentrum) were low in abundance, although they increased in summer when the phytoplankton standing stock was low Silicoflagellate abundance was extremely low Comparing the annual species composition of phytoplankton between Stn KNOT and Stn P (50°N, 145°W) in the Alaskan Gyre, there was a remarkable difference between the two sites The phytoplankton assemblage at Stn P is characterized by a high abundance of Rhizosolenia alata and low abundance of Thalassiosira In contrast, Thalassiosira dominates at Stn KNOT during most seasons

Seasonal changes in nutrients, chlorophyll a and the phytoplankton assemblage of the western subarctic gyre in the Pacific Ocean

The microplankton communities on filter samples from three shallow (0–300 m) hydrocasts, conducted in August 1999, January 2000, and May 2000 at Station KNOT in the Western Subarctic Gyre of the NW Pacific, have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results clearly show that small (o10mm) phytoplankton, such as coccolithophorids, Parmales, and the pennate diatom Fragilariopsis pseudonana, play important roles in seasonal productivity. The Parmales were the most dominant mineralized phytoplankton group in May and August, and their yearround presence in scaly form suggests they are not cysts as previously thought. As the Parmales are rare or absent in the underlying sediment traps or surface sediments, their siliceous scales are undoubtably being efficiently recycled in the euphotic zone where silica levels are never depleted. The phytoplankton community structure observed by SEM is different to those reported previously, in which more traditional light microscopical techniques were used, with the consequence of missing the smaller phytoplankton. This study, regardless of its biogeographic location, highlights the potential problem of enumerating marine phytoplankton assemblages purely by light microscopy. An inability to determine the contribution made by these small phytoplankton can lead to an overestimation of the importance of large phytoplankton, and an underestimation of total productivity. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Microplankton assemblages at Station KNOT in the subarctic western Pacific, 1999–2000

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Separate and combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature on the branching reef corals Acropora digitifera and Montipora digitata.

Seasonal changes in nutrients, chlorophyll a and the phytoplankton assemblage of the western subarctic gyre in the Pacific Ocean

Microplankton assemblages at Station KNOT in the subarctic western Pacific, 1999–2000