Smart fire alarm sensor (FAS) materials with mechanically robust, excellent flame retardancy as well as ultra-sensitive temperature-responsive capability are highly attractive platforms for fire safety application. However, most reported FAS materials can hardly provide sensitive, continuous and reliable alarm signal output due to their undesirable temperature-responsive, flame-resistant and mechanical performances. To overcome these hurdles, herein, we utilize the multi-amino molecule, named HCPA, that can serve as triple-roles including cross-linker, fire retardant and reducing agent for decorating graphene oxide (GO) sheets and obtaining the GO/HCPA hybrid networks. Benefiting from the formation of multi-interactions in hybrid network, the optimized GO/HCPA network exhibits significant increment in mechanical strength, e.g., tensile strength and toughness increase of ~ 2.3 and ~ 5.7 times, respectively, compared to the control one. More importantly, based on P and N doping and promoting thermal reduction effect on GO network, the excellent flame retardancy (withstanding ~ 1200 °C flame attack), ultra-fast fire alarm response time (~ 0.6 s) and ultra-long alarming period (> 600 s) are obtained, representing the best comprehensive performance of GO-based FAS counterparts. Furthermore, based on GO/HCPA network, the fireproof coating is constructed and applied in polymer foam and exhibited exceptional fire shielding performance. This work provides a new idea for designing and fabricating desirable FAS materials and fireproof coatings. 

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Fire Intumescent, High-Temperature Resistant, Mechanically Flexible Graphene Oxide Network for Exceptional Fire Shielding and Ultra-Fast Fire Warning

Polymeric and textile based materials constitute the majority of market products, however, due to their low thermal stability and high flammability hazards, their uses are limited in some applications. Therefore, flame retardant materials have to be dispersed as fillers in polymer matrix and coated on textile fabrics to enhance their fire safety and thermal stability. Graphene is two-dimensional materials and considered as a promising carbon nanomaterials with sp2-hybridization and with unique properties. In this review article conventional flame retardant and different methods of synthesis of graphene layers were summarized. Also, the possibility of use graphene sheets alone as flame retardant material for polymeric materials was reviewed and compared with other common nanofillers. Graphene sheets and their composite as flame retardant nanofillers for polymers and flame retardant coating for textiles are discussed in details. Synergistic flame retardant effect of use of nanoparticles decorated graphene sheets as flame retardant for polymer nanocomposites are discussed.

Recent advances in graphene sheets as new generation of flame retardant materials

Bio-inspired, sustainable and mechanically robust graphene oxide-based hybrid networks for efficient fire protection and warning

The creation of high-efficient MXene-based flame retardants to cope with the fire hazards of polymer composites remained an intractable challenge. Hence, this work explored a facile strategy to synthesize MXene-based nanohybrids (MXene@LDH) by in situ growth of layered double hydroxides (CoAl-LDH) on the surface of MXene in anticipation of constructing an efficient flame retardant system. The results indicated that the integration of LDH prevented the stacking of MXene nanosheets and enhanced the dispersion of MXene in EP matrix, endowing EP composites with excellent thermal properties and flame retardancy. With the addition of 2 wt% MXene@LDH, EP composites exhibited reduced the maximum mass loss rate (R max ) of 28.5%, increased residual char and led to 25.3% reduction in PHRR and a drop of 24.4% in THR, compared to those of neat EP. Furthermore, EP/2 wt% MXene@LDH composites also demonstrated superior smoke suppression performance, mainly reflected by the 38.5%, 37.8%, 33.8% and 31.2% reduction in PSPR, TSP, PCO and PCO 2 , respectively, together with a 52.0% decline in smoke factor (SF), compared to those of pure EP. The improved fire safety of EP composites was attributed to the catalytic charring and attenuation effect of the transition metal oxides, coupled with the barrier effect of the nanosheets and the cooling effect, gas-phase dilution effect of LDH. 

Facile strategy to synthesize MXene@LDH nanohybrids for boosting the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of epoxy

Fire-Safe, Mechanically Strong and Tough Thermoplastic Polyurethane/MXene Nanocomposites with Exceptional Smoke Suppression

Surface decoration of Halloysite nanotubes with POSS for fire-safe thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites

Interface engineering of graphene oxide containing phosphorus/nitrogen towards fire safety enhancement for thermoplastic polyurethane

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Surface decoration of Halloysite nanotubes with POSS for fire-safe thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites

Interface engineering of graphene oxide containing phosphorus/nitrogen towards fire safety enhancement for thermoplastic polyurethane