Borate oxyfluoride glasses are transparent in the infrared, ultraviolet and visible regions and represent an ideal host matrix for optically active dopants. Due to their lower phonon energies compared to a silicate glass matrix, non-radiative transitions are suppressed and high luminescence efficiency is expected. This work reports on a complete upconversion (UC) luminescence study of the optically active B2O3-Al2O3-KF-LiO (BAKL) glass-ceramics incorporated with Er3+/Yb3+ ions. The triclinic BAKL:Er3+/Yb3+ glass-ceramic (GC) phosphor was synthesized using the conventional melt-quenching technique and the subsequent heat treatment of the precursor glass. The successful synthesis of BAKL:Er3+/Yb3+ GCs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red and differential thermal analysis measurements. The glasses were crystallized under controlled conditions, and the influence of phase composition (glass-to-crystalline phase ratio) on the wavelength and UC luminescence was thoroughly studied under 980 nm excitation. Interesting color tuning properties (white to intense green emission) of the sample were observed with laser pump power increment. The color tuning properties were explained using a new strategy i.e. the energy bridging mechanism between Er3+ ion clusters through an intermediate Yb3+ level. Moreover, their high color purity is well retained by varying the NIR excitation pump power densities and photometric characterization indicated the suitability in light emitting diodes and Er3+ doped fiber amplifier applications.

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Erbium energy bridging upconversion mechanism studies on BAKL:Er3+/Yb3+ glass-ceramics and simultaneous enhancement of color purity of the green luminescence.

Phosphate glasses containing Nd3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+ as lanthanide ions are attractive for applications in laser materials, phototherapy lamps, and solar spectral converters. The composition-structure-property relation in this type of glass system is thus of interest from fundamental and applied perspectives. In this work, the impact of the differing ionic radius of Nd3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+ and consequent field strength on the physical properties of phosphate glasses is investigated, focusing ultimately on thermal expansion effects. The glasses were made by melting with a fixed concentration of the lanthanide ions having 50P2O5-46BaO-4Ln2O3 nominal compositions (mol %) with Ln = Nd, Gd, and Yb. The investigation encompassed measurements by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical spectroscopy, density, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and dilatometry. XRD supported the amorphous nature of the glasses, whereas absorption and photoluminescence spectra showed the optical features of the Nd3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+ ions in the glasses. Oxygen speciation by XPS indicated an increase in nonbridging oxygens for the larger radii Nd3+ and Gd3+ ions relative to the host, contrasting with Yb3+. Phosphorus XPS analysis further supported the hypothesis that the P 2p binding energies of the glasses increased with the cation field strength of the lanthanides. The Raman spectra were interpreted based on glass depolymerization effects and the impact of Ln3+ ions with high field strength. Particularly, the band position of the symmetric out-of-chain nonbridging oxygen stretch, νs(PO2-), shifted to higher frequencies correlating with the Ln3+ field strength. Dilatometry ultimately revealed a steady decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion for the glasses, which correlated linearly with Ln3+ field strengths and thus indicated to sustain increased glass rigidities. The various analyses performed thus illuminated the structural foundation of the thermomechanical behavior of the glasses connected with changes in the Ln3+ field strengths.

Impact of Lanthanide (Nd3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+) Ionic Field Strength on the Structure and Thermal Expansion of Phosphate Glasses.

In this paper, α/β-NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+, Gd3+ microcrystals with multiform morphologies were successfully fabricated through hydrothermal approach. The crystal phase of the product can be regulated from cubic to hexagonal, and the overall morphology can be modulated from spherical to rod-like by precisely increasing the pH value of reaction solution. Morphology-dependent luminescence spectra show that the emission intensity gradually increases as the morphology transforms from microsphere to microrod, and the luminescence color changes from green to yellow-green. After tri-doping with 9 mol% Gd3+ ions, the luminescence intensity of cubic and hexagonal NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ microcrystals is increased by 2 and 5 times, respectively, and the luminescence brightness is also significantly enhanced. The as-prepared α/β-NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+, Gd3+ microcrystals with excellent luminescence performance may have potential applications in display and lighting device fields. 

Simultaneous morphology, phase modulation and luminescence enhancement in α/β-NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+, Gd3+ microcrystals

Analysis of optical gain and attenuation coefficient in erbium–ytterbium-doped sodium-zinc phosphate glasses for integrated photonics applications

The deep grooves often appeared in the commutator of aircraft photoelectric radar motors due to the brush's wear, which resulted in decreased of electrical performance and commutation accuracy, affecting combat performance. Here, we present that the blue laser cladding could be used to repair the faulty part of the pure copper motor commutator. The microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, and electrical conductivity results show that the surface of the coating was smooth and there were no pores, cracks, and other defects in the bonding interface. There was an apparent transition zone between the matrix and the cladding layer, and a good metallurgical bonding with the matrix was formed. Compared with the matrix, the average microhardness and wear resistance of the cladding layer were increased by 2.22 times and 2.37 times, better than the copper substrate, while the electrical conductivity of the repaired layer was still about 97.7% of that of the pure copper substrate. Our study demonstrates the potential of applying the optimum technological parameters of laser cladding repair to provide the theoretical and experimental basis for mass repair. 

Restoration of pure copper motor commutator for aviation by laser powder deposition

Spectral properties of ultra-low thermal expansion Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glasses

A series of glasses with composition 60NaPO3–(40-x)CdF2–xYF3–yEr2O3 were synthesized via melt-quenching methods and subsequently heat-treated to obtain upconversion luminescent glass ceramics conta...

Phase Change of NaYF4:Er Crystals in Oxyfluoride Phosphate Upconversion Luminescent Glass Ceramics: An Advanced Solid-State NMR Study.

Optimized monolithic edge-cladding glass for N31-type Nd-doped high power laser glass

The invention discloses ferro-phospho-silicate glass used for radioactive nucleus waste glass solidification treatment and a preparation method of the glass. The method is characterized in that firstly, oxides comprise, in percentage by mole, 55%-80% of P2O5, 10%-25% of Fe2O3, 0.1%-15% of Al2O3, 0.1%-10% of SiO2 and 0-5% of MeO (wherein Me is one or more of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba), and the mole ratio of O to (P+Si) in the glass is 2.8-3.3; secondarily, raw materials including NH4H2PO4, Fe2O3, Al(OH)3, SiO2 and MeCO3 (wherein Me is one or more of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) are weighed according to a formula, mixed uniformly and molten and homogenized in a smelting furnace at the temperature of 1,050-1,250 DEG C for 1-3 h, pouring, forming and annealing are performed, and the novel ferro-phospho-silicateglass solidification substrate is prepared. The glass and the preparation method have the characteristics that the coefficient of thermal expansion of ferro-phosphate glass is reduced, so that the thermal shock resistance of the glass is improved. The ferro-phosphate glass with optimized performance has the advantages of good chemical stability, cheap raw materials and high nucleus waste capacityand is applicable to solidification treatment of radioactive nucleus waste in China.

Ferro-phospho-silicate glass used for radioactive nucleus waste glass solidification treatment and preparation method of glass

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Spectral properties of ultra-low thermal expansion Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glasses

Phase Change of NaYF4:Er Crystals in Oxyfluoride Phosphate Upconversion Luminescent Glass Ceramics: An Advanced Solid-State NMR Study.

Optimized monolithic edge-cladding glass for N31-type Nd-doped high power laser glass

Ferro-phospho-silicate glass used for radioactive nucleus waste glass solidification treatment and preparation method of glass