Recent progress in rational structural regulation for high-efficiency potassium-ion batteries is reviewed. 

Recent advances in rational design for high-performance potassium-ion batteries

Recent progress in COF-based electrode materials for rechargeable metal-ion batteries

Recently, potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as a new energy storage system, offering a complementary solution to lithium‐ion batteries due to their cost‐effectiveness and significantly high theoretical energy density, making them suitable for large‐scale grid energy storage applications. The critical challenge PIBs face is the scarcity of appropriate high‐capacity cathode materials. Among the various contenders, Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) stand out. The appeal of PBAs arises from their simple synthesis, economic viability, and a stable, open framework conducive to the insertion/extraction of large‐size K+. This review aims to provide an overview of current research progress on PBAs as cathode materials in nonaqueous PIBs. A comprehensive examination of the crystal structure and electrochemical reaction mechanisms of PBAs is undertaken, with a focus on prevalent optimization strategies in PIBs. Subsequent sections delve into designing and developing potassium‐based full cells architectures incorporating PBAs. The discourse culminates in a discussion on the requirements for transitioning PBAs PIBs from a laboratory setting to commercial production, aiming to chart a course for the development of advanced PIBs.

Prussian Blue Analogues Cathodes for Nonaqueous Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract Aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs) and aqueous potassium-ion batteries (APIBs) present significant potential for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness, safety, and environmental compatibility. Nonetheless, the intricate energy storage mechanisms in aqueous electrolytes place stringent requirements on the host materials. Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), with their open three-dimensional framework and facile synthesis, stand out as leading candidates for aqueous energy storage. However, PBAs possess a swift capacity fade and limited cycle longevity, for their structural integrity is compromised by the pronounced dissolution of transition metal (TM) ions in the aqueous milieu. This manuscript provides an exhaustive review of the recent advancements concerning PBAs in ASIBs and APIBs. The dissolution mechanisms of TM ions in PBAs, informed by their structural attributes and redox processes, are thoroughly examined. Moreover, this study delves into innovative design tactics to alleviate the dissolution issue of TM ions. In conclusion, the paper consolidates various strategies for suppressing the dissolution of TM ions in PBAs and posits avenues for prospective exploration of high-safety aqueous sodium-/potassium-ion batteries. 

Progress on Transition Metal Ions Dissolution Suppression Strategies in Prussian Blue Analogs for Aqueous Sodium-/Potassium-Ion Batteries

Carbon materials play a fundamental role in electrochemical energy storage due to their appealing properties, including low cost, high availability, low environmental impact, surface functional groups, high electrical conductivity, alongside thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability, among other factors. Currently, carbon materials can be considered the most extensively explored family in the field of supercapacitors and batteries, which are devices covering a wide range of applications demanding high power and high energy. However, as with all technologies, there is a process of adaptation and optimization; hence, carbon materials have been aligning with the advances that emerge. Similarly, over the years, new methods and processes have been discovered to produce carbons more suitable for energy storage, adapting them to present a good synergy with metal-based compounds to meet current standards. In this work, we present a compilation of advances in the field of carbon materials used in supercapacitors and batteries, from the inception of these technologies to the present day. 

A review on carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage applications: State of the art, implementation, and synergy with metallic compounds for supercapacitor and battery electrodes

Potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate (KMnHCF) suffers from poor cycling stability in potassium-ion batteries due to the Jahn–Teller effect, and experiences destabilizing asymmetric expansions and contractions during cycling. Herein, hollow nanospheres consisting of ultrasmall KMnHCF nanocube subunits (KMnHCF-S) are developed by a facile strategy. In situ XRD analysis demonstrates that the traditional phase transition for KMnHCF is replaced by a single-phase solid-solution reaction for KMnHCF-S, which effectively suppresses the Jahn–Teller effect. From DFT calculations, it was found that the calculated reaction energy for K+ extraction in the solid-solution reaction is much lower than that in the phase transition, indicating easier K+ extraction during the solid-solution reaction. KMnHCF-S delivers high capacity, outstanding rate capability, and superior cycling performance. Impressively, the K-ion full cell composed of the KMnHCF-S cathode and graphite anode also displays excellent cycling stability. The solid-solution reaction not only suppresses the Jahn–Teller effect of KMnHCF-S but also provides a strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of other electrodes which undergo phase transitions.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2022/sc/d2sc03824b

Solid-solution reaction suppresses the Jahn–Teller effect of potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate in potassium-ion batteries

Realizing complete solid-solution reaction to achieve temperature independent LiFePO
 4
 for high rate and low temperature Li-ion batteries

The eco-friendliness, safety, and affordability of aqueous potassium batteries (AKIBs) have made them popular for large-scale energy storage devices. However, the cycling and rate performance of research materials, particularly cobalt hexacyanoferrate, have yet to meet satisfactory standards. Herein, a room-temperature drafted K1.66 Fe0.25 Co0.75 [Fe(CN)6 ]·0.83H2 O (KFCHCF) sample is reported using an in situ substitution strategy. A higher concentration of ferrocyanide ions decreases the water content and increases the potassium content, while citric acid works as a chelating agent and is responsible for Fe-substitution in the KFCHCF sample. The resultant KFCHCF sample exhibits good rate performance, and about 97% and 90.6% of discharge capacity are conserved after 400 and 1000 cycles at 100 and 200 mA g-1 , respectively. The full cell using the KFCHCF cathode and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride-derived polyimide (PNTCDA) anode maintains ≈74.93% and 74.35% of discharge capacity at 200 mA g-1 and 1000 mA g-1 for 1000 and >10,000 cycles, respectively. Furthermore, ex situ characterizations demonstrate the high reversibility of K-ions and structural stability during the charge-discharge process. Such high performance is attributed to the fast K-ion migration and crystal structure stabilization caused by in situ Fe-substitution in the KFCHCF sample. Other hexacyanoferrates can be synthesized using this method and used in grid-scale storage systems.

In Situ Fe-Substituted Hexacyanoferrate for High-Performance Aqueous Potassium Ion Batteries.

The large-scale commercial application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is severely impacted by the sluggish reaction kinetics of polysulfides conversion and the low utilization rate of active substances. It has been proved that the introduction of functional interlayers between electrodes is an effective method to inhibit the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, FeS2-MnS heterostructure is combined with carbon materials and applied to Li-S batteries through the modifying commercial separator to accelerate the redox kinetics of LiPSs. The FeS2-MnS/C//PP modified separators achieve the chemical catalysis, adsorption, and physical confinement of LiPSs through well-dispersed FeS2-MnS heterostructure and carbon materials. Compared with single-metal sulfides, the FeS2-MnS heterostructure can considerably enhance the catalysis interface effect, rapidly adsorb and promote the conversion of LiPSs. As a result, the cell with FeS2-MnS/C//PP separator displays remarkable cyclic stability (768 mAh/g at 1.0C after 500cycles with a low capacity decay of merely 0.036% per cycle) and outstanding rate capacity (660 mAh/g at 5.0C). This work provides a reference for the use of heterostructure materials as separator modifiers for Li-S batteries. 

Bimetallic sulfides heterostructure efficient adsorption and catalytic of polysulfides for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Aerial target detection is an important direction in target detection. Due to the limitations of UAV’s volume and computing power, it is necessary to balance the time complexity and accuracy of the algorithm. This paper selects YOLOv5s as the benchmark method of the article. By introducing the feature extraction structure of shufflenetv2, the backbone of YOLOv5s is improved to reduce the amount of calculation of the network, and then the attention mechanism CBMA module is added to the network. Finally, the detection comparison experiment is carried out on visdrone data set. Experimental results show that flops is reduced from 15.7G to 3.7G. After accelerated by tensorRT framework, the improved algorithm can run 53fps on Jetson nano, which can meet the needs of real-time UAV aerial target detection.

Research on an aerial object detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5

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Solid-solution reaction suppresses the Jahn–Teller effect of potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate in potassium-ion batteries

Realizing complete solid-solution reaction to achieve temperature independent LiFePO 4 for high rate and low temperature Li-ion batteries

In Situ Fe-Substituted Hexacyanoferrate for High-Performance Aqueous Potassium Ion Batteries.

Bimetallic sulfides heterostructure efficient adsorption and catalytic of polysulfides for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Research on an aerial object detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5