Microbiologically influenced corrosion and current mitigation strategies: A state of the art review

From a technological point of view, measurement of the corrosion rate of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys is critical for lifetime predictions of Mg-based structures and for comparative assessments of their corrosion protection ability. Whilst weight loss, hydrogen evolution, and polarization curves methods are frequently used for measuring the corrosion rate, the determination of values by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is relatively scarce and has only been realized recently. This technique seems to be the most suitable for monitoring corrosion rate values due to its “non-destructive” character, its reproducibility, and its reliable determination of small corrosion rates, much lower than those measured by other techniques. This review aims to picture the state-of-the-art technique of using EIS for measuring the corrosion rate of Mg. This paper starts by introducing some fundamental aspects of the most widely used methods for monitoring the corrosion rate of Mg/Mg alloy and continues by briefly explaining some of the fundamental concepts surrounding EIS, which are essential for the user to be able to understand how to interpret the EIS spectra. Lastly, these concepts are applied, and different approaches that have been proposed to obtain quantitative values of corrosion rate since the 1990s are discussed.

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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for the Measurement of the Corrosion Rate of Magnesium Alloys: Brief Review and Challenges

Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in CO2-containing oilfield produced water in the presence of iron-oxidizing bacteria and inhibitors

Corrosion of X80 pipeline steel under sulfate-reducing bacterium biofilms in simulated CO2-saturated oilfield produced water with carbon source starvation

Steel corrosion is a global problem in marine engineering. Numerous inhibitory treatments have been applied to mitigate the degradation of metallic materials; however, they typically have a high cost and are not environmental friendly. Here, we present a novel and "green" approach for the protection of steel by a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica. This approach protects steel from corrosion in seawater via the formation of a biofilm followed by the formation of an organic-inorganic hybrid film. The hybrid film is composed of multiple layers of calcite and bacterial extracellular polymeric substances, exhibiting high and stable barrier protection efficiency and further providing an in situ self-healing activity. The process involving the key transition from biofilm to biomineralized film is essential for its lasting anticorrosion activity, which overcomes the instability of biofilm protection on corrosion. Therefore, this study introduces a new perspective and an option for anticorrosion control in marine environments.

Marine Bacteria Provide Lasting Anticorrosion Activity for Steel via Biofilm-Induced Mineralization

Corrosion behavior of cold rolled steel in artificial seawater in the presence of Bacillus subtilis C2

Effect of the fungus, Aspergillus niger, on the corrosion behaviour of AZ31B magnesium alloy in artificial seawater

Bacteria biofilm formation on metals is well-known, while biofilm architecture varies under different conditions. To date, few studies have determined the possible contribution to corrosion of titanium made by biofilm architecture. We investigated the interaction between the oral Streptococcus sanguis biofilm architecture and its influence on titanium corrosion in enriched artificial saliva using electrochemical methods and microscopic study. Patchy biofilms were observed on titanium surface after being immersed in solution containing S. sanguis. The thickness and size of the patchy biofilms increased with an increase of immersion time. The extensive pits were clearly observed by scanning electron microscopy, showing that adsorption of S. sanguis on titanium promoted the localized corrosion. The electrochemical results indicated that the corrosion rates were clearly accelerated in the presence of S. sanguis. The low icorr and high Rt in the first 48 h indicated that a typical passive behavior still remained. Our study showed that the pitting corrosion of titanium was mainly attributed to the formation of a self-catalytic corrosion cell by the co-effect of patchy biofilm and organic acid secreted by S. sanguis.

Streptococcus Sanguis Biofilm Architecture and Its Influence on Titanium Corrosion in Enriched Artificial Saliva

Aiming at the problem that the information difference between modalities in the current multimodal sentiment analysis model and the insufficient fusion between modalities lead to the low accuracy of network prediction, this paper designs a multimodal sentiment analysis model based on BERT-ResNet50. The model uses BERT and ResNet50 to extract text and image features respectively, fuses multi-modal information through the encoder layer of Transformer, and finally uses the Softmax layer to classify multi-modal information. The dataset used in this paper is the Twitter sarcasm public dataset. Through experiments, the BERT-ResNet50 model proposed in this paper is higher than the comparison models in accuracy, recall rate and F1 value, and the accuracy reaches 74.05%. Ablation experiments show that the accuracy of the model in multi-modal sentiment analysis is higher than that in single-modal sentiment analysis.

Multimodal sentiment analysis with BERT-ResNet50

The corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloys after 5 d immersion in artificial saliva solutions with and withou fluorine ion were studied by electrochemical methods. In addition, the morphologies of materials were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the presence of fluorine ion posed a serious threat for Ti-6Al-4V alloy in artificial saliva. Obvious increase in OCP was observed in solutions with fluorine ion compared with that without fluorine ion. The presence of fluorine ion was also associated with decreases in Rct and increase in icorr values, indicating the corrosion rate was clearly accelerated in the presence of fluorine ion. And it is clear that the corrosion increased with increasing the concentration of fluorine ion. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that pitting occurred on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after immersion in artificial saliva containing fluorine ion. The Ti-F complex was suggested as the viable pitting corrosion mechanism.

Effect of Fluorine Ion on the Corrosion of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Artificial Saliva

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