Integrated-resonant units (IRUs), associating various meta-atoms, resonant modes, and functionalities into one supercell, have been promising candidates for tailoring composite and multifunctional electromagnetic responses with additional degrees of freedom. Integrated-resonant metadevices can overcome many bottlenecks in conventional optical devices, such as broadband achromatism, efficiency enhancement, response selectivity, and continuous tunability, offering great potential for performant and versatile application scenarios. We focus on the recent progress of integrated-resonant metadevices. Starting from the design principle of IRUs, a variety of IRU-based characteristics and subsequent practical applications, including achromatic imaging, light-field sensing, polarization detection, orbital angular momentum generation, metaholography, nanoprinting, color routing, and nonlinear generation, are introduced. Existing challenges in this field and opinions on future research directions are also provided. 

/pdf/integrated-resonant-metadevices-a-review-2g9esech.pdf

Integrated-resonant metadevices: a review

Total tumor clearance through immunotherapy is associated with a fully coordinated innate and adaptive immune response, but knowledge on the exact contribution of each immune cell subset is limited. We show that therapy-induced intratumoral CD8+ T cells recruited and skewed late-stage activated M1-like macrophages, which were critical for effective tumor control in two different murine models of cancer immunotherapy. The activated CD8+ T cells summon these macrophages into the tumor and their close vicinity via CCR5 signaling. Exposure of non-polarized macrophages to activated T cell supernatant and tumor lysate recapitulates the late-stage activated and tumoricidal phenotype in vitro. The transcriptomic signature of these macrophages is also detected in a similar macrophage population present in human tumors and coincides with clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The requirement of a functional co-operation between CD8+ T cells and effector macrophages for effective immunotherapy gives warning to combinations with broad macrophage-targeting strategies. 

Immunotherapy-activated T cells recruit and skewlate-stage activated M1-like macrophagesthat are critical for therapeutic efficacy.

Abstract The metaverse has captured significant attention as it provides a virtual realm that cannot be experienced in the physical world. Programmable optical holograms, integral components of the metaverse, allow users to access diverse information without needing external equipment. Meta-devices composed of artificially customized nano-antennas are excellent candidates for programmable optical holograms due to their compact footprint and flexible electromagnetic manipulation. Programmable optical meta-holograms can dynamically alter reconstructed images in real-time by directly modulating the optical properties of the metasurface or by modifying the incident light. Information can be encoded across multiple channels and freely selected through switchable functionality. These advantages will broaden the range of virtual scenarios in the metaverse, facilitating further development and practical applications. This review concentrates on recent advancements in the fundamentals and applications of programmable optical meta-holograms. We aim to provide readers with general knowledge and potential inspiration for applying programmable optical meta-holograms, both intrinsic and external ways, into the metaverse for better performance. An outlook and perspective on the challenges and prospects in these rapidly growing research areas are provided.

pdf/programmable-optical-meta-holograms-3i0pbmozvr.pdf

Programmable optical meta-holograms

Despite progress in cancer immunotherapy, ovarian cancer (OC) prognosis continues to be disappointing. Recent studies have shed light on how not just tumour cells, but also the complex tumour microenvironment, contribute to this unfavourable outcome of OC immunotherapy. The complexities of the immune microenvironment categorize OC as a 'cold tumour'. Nonetheless, understanding the precise mechanisms through which the microenvironment influences the effectiveness of OC immunotherapy remains an ongoing scientific endeavour. This review primarily aims to dissect the inherent characteristics and behaviours of diverse cells within the immune microenvironment, along with an exploration into its reprogramming and metabolic changes. It is expected that these insights will elucidate the operational dynamics of the immune microenvironment in OC and lay a theoretical groundwork for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy in OC management.

Immunotherapy and the ovarian cancer microenvironment: Exploring potential strategies for enhanced treatment efficacy.

Fertility preservation is a growing field in reproductive medicine that may raise ethical questions. Preservation of fertility must be discussed with the patient if gonadotoxic treatment is required, whether in the case of benign or malignant pathology, or in the management of transgender identity. As a result, surgery or chemotherapy that has fewer adverse impacts on fertility should be proposed if this does not alter the prognosis of the disease. If the risk of infertility persists, then fertility cryopreservation should be proposed for children and adults of reproductive age. Sperm, oocytes, and gonadal tissue can be cryopreserved for many years. FIGO wishes to emphasize the importance of fertility preservation in the medical and surgical management of patients, and the importance of a specialized, multidisciplinary approach.

FIGO statement: Fertility preservation.

This study aims to identify biomarkers of ovarian cancer, specifically those tumors exhibiting homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), to contribute to the optimization of immunotherapy. We screened the differentially expressed genes coding for CXCL10 and CCL5 by analyzing the transcriptome data of patient with different HRD scores in the ovarian cancer cohort of the TCGA database and validated our results using pathological tissue sections. The cellular origin of CXCL10 and CCL5 were identified using the single-cell sequencing data extracted from the GEO database combined with the tumor mutational burden (TMB) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data obtained from the TCGA database. We found that CXCL10 and CCL5 expression levels were correlated with HRD score. Analysis of single-cell sequencing results and tumor mutation data suggested that both CXCL10 and CCL5 present in the tumor microenvironment were primarily derived from immune cells. In addition, we found that samples with high expression of CXCL10 and CCL5 also had higher stromal cell and immune cell scores, indicating low tumor homogeny. Further analysis showed that CXCL10 and CCL5 expression was associated with immune checkpoint-related genes, and the efficacy of using these proteins as biomarkers was significantly higher than that of PD-1 in predicting the effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The expression of CXCL10 and CCL5 had statistically different effects on the survival of patients, based on multivariate Cox regression. In summary, the results demonstrate that in ovarian cancer, the expression of CXCL10 and CCL5 are correlated with HRD. When CXCL10 and CCL5 are secreted by immune cells, immune cell infiltration can be chemotactic and predict the effect of immunotherapy more efficiently than using PD-1 as a biomarker. Therefore, CXCL10 and CCL5 look to be promising novel biomarkers to guide immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.

CXCL10 and CCL5 as feasible biomarkers for immunotherapy of homologous recombination deficient ovarian cancer.

Through controlling the phase difference of two different polarization-dependent holographic images, an extra vectorial holography with flexible spatial polarization distribution is encrypted with high resolution and dynamically reconstructed in far field.

Vectorial metasurface holography for encryption and dynamic display

Pregnancy Outcomes after Uterus-sparing Operative Treatment for Adenomyosis:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Analysis of clinicopathological features and prognosis of double primary cervical cancer and ovarian cancer based on SEER database.

Vectorial metasurface holograms ar realized through segmenting or interleaving nanostructures to modulate spatial polarization of the reconstructed holography on the imaging plane, but it is still a challenge to achieve full‐color vectorial meta‐holograms with subwavelength meta‐molecules and independent spatial polarization control of reconstructed images. Here, this problem is solved by multiplexing the hologram phase for one circularly polarized light and the conjugated hologram phase for another orthogonal circularly polarized light using only a single nanostructure and then interleaving three kinds of metasurfaces for red, green, and blue light in subwavelength meta‐molecules. By independent control of the phase difference of two overlapped circularly polarized holographic images for each color, the vectorial field on the imaging plane can be freely manipulated at the pixel scale and dynamically changed with the incident polarization. Therefore, the local color and even contrast of the reconstructed full‐color image can be tuned by selecting the incident and output polarization states, demonstrating great potentials in secure optical encryption and dynamic color display.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adom.202201478

Tunable Full‐Color Vectorial Meta‐Holography

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