The building block modular approach that lies behind coordination polymers (CPs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) results not only in a plethora of materials that can be obtained but also in a vast array of material properties that could be aimed at. Optical properties appear to be particularly predetermined by the character of individual structural units and by the intricate interplay between them. Indeed, the “design principles” shaping the optical properties of these materials seem to be well explored for luminescence and second-harmonic generation (SHG) phenomena; these have been covered in numerous previous reviews. Herein, we shine light on CPs and MOFs as optical media for state-of-the-art photonic phenomena such as multi-photon absorption, triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) and stimulated emission. In the first part of this review we focus on the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of CPs and MOFs, with a closer look at the two-photon absorption property. We discuss the scope of applicability of most commonly used measurement techniques (Z-scan and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF)) that can be applied for proper determination of the NLO properties of these materials; in particular, we suggest recommendations for their use, along with a discussion of the best reporting practices of NLO parameters. We also outline design principles, employing both intramolecular and intermolecular strategies, that are necessary for maximizing the NLO response. A review of recent literature on two-, three- and multi-photon absorption in CPs and MOFs is further supplemented with application-oriented processes such as two-photon 3D patterning and data storage. Additionally, we provide an overview of the latest achievements in the field of frequency doubling (SHG) and tripling (third-harmonic generation, THG) in these materials. Apart from nonlinear processes, in the next sections we also target the photonic properties of MOFs that benefit from their porosity, and resulting from this their ability to serve as containers for optically-active molecules. Thus, we survey dye@MOF composites as novel media in which efficient upconversion via triplet energy migration (TEM) occurs as well as materials for stimulated emission and multi-photon pumped lasing. Prospects for producing lasing as an intrinsic property of MOFs has also been discussed. Overall, further development of the optical processes highlighted herein should allow for realization of various photonic, data storage, biomedical and optoelectronic applications.

/pdf/nonlinear-optical-properties-upconversion-and-lasing-in-59shjavwze.pdf

Nonlinear optical properties, upconversion and lasing in metal–organic frameworks

A zirconium metallic organic framework UiO-66-NH2 has been synthesized and is further modified with imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde by a covalent post synthetic route which is based on a Schiff-base reaction. The as-prepared, functionalized MOF named UiO-66-NH2-IM is fully characterized. It retains its structural integrity during the PSM process and shows excellent luminescence and good fluorescence stability in water. It has also been further utilized as a sensitive fluorescent probe for sensing ions. The results show that UiO-66-NH2-IM can be developed into a highly selective and sensitive sensor for the detection of S2O82- (detection limit, 8.63 μM) and Fe3+ ions (detection limit, 4.95 μM) by fluorescence quenching of UiO-66-NH2-IM. All the possible mechanisms involved are discussed. Remarkably, it is the first covalent post-synthesized MOF to be developed as a colorimetric fluorescent sensor for the detection of S2O82- and Fe3+.

A novel sensitive fluorescent probe of S2O82− and Fe3+ based on covalent post-functionalization of a zirconium(IV) metal–organic framework

Synthetic strategies towards chiral coordination polymers

Two novel three-dimensional (3D) Cd(II)/Co(II) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cd2(seb)2(bbmb)(H2O)2]n (1) and {[Co2(seb)2(bbmb)2(H2O)]·0·5H2O}n (2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions based on sebacic acid (H2seb) and 4,4′-Bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl) biphenyl (bbmb) ligands. Their crystal structures were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. MOFs 1 and 2 both show a 3D framework based on binuclear Cd2 or Co2 clusters, respectively. In 1, the Cd2 clusters are linked by seb2- into a 2D corrugated layer. These layers are further connected by bbmb to generate a 3D structure with 6-connected (44·610·8) mab topology. In 2, the Co2 clusters form a 1D chain through the bbmb ligands, the chains are linked by seb2− into a 3D framework with 6-connected (48·54·63) bsn topology. Fluorescence sensing experiments show that 1 and 2 have good ability for detection of Fe3+, Cr2O72− and nitrobenzene (NB) with low detection limits as 5.83μM, 1.36μM and 2.70 × 10−7M for 1 and 6.19μM, 1.40μM and 2.90 × 10−7M for 2, respectively. Furthermore, the sensing mechanism was also investigated in detail by various detection means and theoretical calculations. 

Two diverse 3D 6-connected Cd(II)/Co(II) MOFs based on binuclear clusters as fluorescence sensors for detection of Fe3+, Cr2O72− and nitrobenzene

Enhanced third-order nonlinear optical properties of three 2D coordination polymers based on bis(imidazole) ligands and dicarboxylic ligands

Syntheses, structures and third-order nonlinear optical properties of three coordination polymers based on bis(imidazol-l-yl-methyl)benzene and aromatic dicarboxylic ligands

Three coordination polymers, {[Ni(H2O)2(bib)2]-(H2BTA)·2H2O}
 n
 (1), {[Co2(bib)2(BTA)]·H2O}
 n
 (2), and {[Co2(bib)2(CA)2]·H2O}
 n
 (3), (H4BTA = biphenyl-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic acid; bib = 1, 2-bis(imidazol-l-yl-methyl)benzene; H2CA = camphanic acid), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. In complex 1, bib serves a bridging ligand to link two Ni(II) atoms into an infinite joint-like chain. In 2, binuclear units are connected by BTA and bib ligands to form 2-D sheets. In 3, each Ni(II) atom is coordinated with two bib ligands to give a 22-membered ring, which is further linked by CA ligands to form a ladder-like chain. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the complexes were determined by Z-scan technique in DMSO solution. All three complexes exhibit strong third-order NLO absorption with absorptive coefficients β(MKS) 1.44 × 10−10 m W−1 for 1, 1.68 × 10−10 m W−1 for 2, and −6.31 × 10−10 m W−1 for 3, respectively, of which compound 3 shows saturable absorption. The third-order NLO susceptibilities |χ
 (3)| were calculated as 0.32 × 10−10 for 1, 0.37 × 10−10 for 2, and 1.39 × 10−10 esu for 3, while the hyperpolarizabilities γ′ are 9.95 × 10−29 for 1, 5.85 × 10−29 for 2 and 4.64 × 10−28 esu for 3, respectively.

Three coordination polymers constructed from bis(imidazol-l-yl-methyl)benzene: syntheses, structures, and third-order nonlinear optical properties

A luminescence coordination cage formulated as {Mg24(TC4A)6(BTC)8(H2O)6} (SWU-2, H4TC4A = p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene, H3BTC = 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid) was successfully synthesized by assembly of Mg4-TC4A units with BTC ligands. SWU-2 shows excellent fluorescence...

Calixarene-based coordination cage as efficient luminescent sensor for Fe3+, MnO4-, NB and 2,4-DNP in aqueous medium

C18H19N3NÍO10, triclinic, P\ (no. 2), a = 7.467(1) Â, b = 10.804(2) Â, c = 12.796(2) Â, a = 90.021(2)°, β = 92.580(2)°, γ = 105.526(2)°, V= 993.5 Â, Z= 2, Rgt(F) = 0.040, wRteffF) = 0 .115 ,7= 298 K. Source of material A mixture of 5-nitroisophthalic acid (NIP, 0.022 g, 0.1 mmol), Ni(CH3COO)2 (0.018 g, 0.1 mmol), 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bipy, 0.016 g, 0.1 mmol), and H2O (10 mL) was stirred for about 30 min. The resulting solution was sealed in a Teflon-lined stainless autoclave and heated to 393 Κ for 3 days. The bottle was cooled to ambient temperature spontaneously. Blue single crystals (about 54 %, based on Ni) were recovered by vacuum filtration, drying in air. Elemental analysis — found: C, 43.46 %, H, 3.76 %; N, 8.53 %; calulated for C18H19N3N1O10: C, 43.58 %; H, 3.86 %; N, 8.47 %. Experimental detail The C-bound Η atoms were geometrically placed (d(C—H) = 0.93 Λ) and refined as riding with í/¡¡»(Η) = 1.2 C/eq(C). The Obound Η atoms were located in difference maps and refined as riding in their as-found relative positions with í/¡so(H) =1 .2 i/eq(0). Discussion In the construction of new supramolecular networks based on metal-containing complex, the polycarboxylate ligands are of special interest [1-4]. They can be regarded not only as hydrogenbonding acceptors but also as hydrogen-bonding donors, depending upon the number of deprotonated carboxylate groups. 5Nitroisophthalic acid (NIP) is an appropriate ligand for the construction of metal-containing supramolecular networks, exempli* Correspondence author (e-mail: zhningzx@yahoo.com.cn) fied by many transition-metal-based coordination polymers [58]. The asymmetric unit of the title crystal structure contains one Ni atom, one NIP ligand, one 2,2'-bipyridine ligand, three aqua ligands and one lattice water molecule. The nickel(II) is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms of the 2,2 -bipy ligand (<f(Ni—Ν1 ) = 2.058(2) Â; d(Ni—N2) = 2.069(2) Â), one carboxylate oxygen atom (d(Ni—O) = 2.0393(2) Â), and one water molecule (d(Ni—O) = 2.102(2) Â) at the equatorial plane. The axial positions are occupied by two water molecules (¿(Ni—08) = 2.076(2) Â, d(Ni—07)=2.062(2) Â). The angles subtended at Ni atom by cis pairs of ligands cover the range 79.02(9)° 94.55(9)°, and the angles subtended by the trans pairs are 171.45(8)° to 175.89(8)°, indicating that the Co[N204] unit is distorted octahedron. The NIP ligand is monodentate. The basic building units are connected into a one-dimensional zigzag chain via extensive hydrogen bonds formed between the coordinated water molecules and carboxylate groups. These chains are arranged in opposite direction, and linked by hydrogen bonds to an infinite double chains. Adjacent chains are linked by hydrogen bonds forming two-dimensional extended grid sheets. The neutral extended sheets are further extended into 3D networks via aromatic π—η interactions in an off-set fashion with a face-to-face distance of 3.46 À between adjacent sheets. Table 1. Data collection and handling. Crystal: blue block, size 0.28 χ 0.30 χ 0.34 mm Wavelength: Mo Ka radiation (0.71073 À) μ· 10.41 cm" Diflractometer, scan mode: Broker SMART CCD, ψίω 50° N(hkl)mcasmrd, Nfhkl)^^: 4992,3425 Criterion for lobs, N(hkl) /obs > 2af/obsJ, 3213 N(param)nfined: 290 Programs: SHELXS-97 [9], SHELXL-97 [10], SHELXTL [11] Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in Â). Atom Site X y ζ U,so H(7A) li 1.0163 0.4521 0.1797 0.038 H(7B) li 1.0693 0.5597 0.1593 0.038 H(8A) li 0.3852 0.4579 0.2356 0.039 H(8B) li 0.3971 0.5747 0.1743 0.039 H(9A) li 0.6934 0.4481 0.0071 0.044 H(9B) li 0.6946 0.5752 0.0126 0.044 H(10A) li 0.0533 -0.2511 -0.1199 0.159 H(10B) li -0.1356 -0.2701 -0.1329 0.159 H(l) li 0.6591 0.4019 0.4319 0.044 324 Ni(H2O)3(Cl0H8N2)(C8H3NO6) · H20 Table 2. Continued. Table 2. Continued. Atom Site f/is Atom Site H(2) 2/ 0.7476 H(3) 2i 0.9321 H(4) 2 i 1.0095 H(7) 2/ 1.0409 H(8) 2/ 1.0343 0.4578 0.6037 0.059 0.6621 0.6434 0.065 0.8101 0.5106 0.053 0.9447 0.3792 0.041 1.0773 0.2376 0.047 H(9) 2i 0.8877 H(10) 2i 0.7668 H(12) 2/ 0.3682 H(14) 2i 0.4179 H(16) 2/ 0.6297 0.9886 0.0806 0.046 0.7697 0.0674 0.038 0.0484 0.0747 0.031 -0.2331 0.2689 0.032 0.1375 0.3567 0.035 Table 3. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in Â). Atom Site χ y ζ Un I/22 t/33 Un C/13 Un Ni(l) li 0.72847(4) 0.52933(3) 0.21288(2) 0.0257(2) 0.0172(2) 0.0243(2) 0.0058(2) -0.0028(1) -0.0026(1) 0(1) li 0.6575(3) 0.3356(2) 0.2346(2) 0.033(1) 0.0171(9) 0.039(1) 0.0040(8) -0.0096(9) -0.0030(8) 0(2) li 0.4003(4) 0.2832(2) 0.1309(2) 0.049(2) 0.025(1) 0.098(2) 0.010(1) -0.038(2) -0.005(1) CK3) li 0.2279(3) -0.1646(2) -0.0067(2) 0.053(1) 0.027(1) 0.038(1) 0.007(1) -0.018(1) -0.0009(9) 0(4) li 0.2796(3) -0.3222(2) 0.0917(2) 0.043(1) 0.018(1) 0.034(1) 0.0073(8) -0.0047(9) -0.0029(8) 0(5) 2 i 0.7003(3) -0.0165(2) 0.4832(2) 0.052(1) 0.047(1) 0.034(1) 0.011(1) -0.015(1) -0.009(1) 0(6) li 0.5212(4) -0.2061(2) 0.4527(2) 0.081(2) 0.033(1) 0.038(1) 0.012(1) -0.007(1) 0.007(1) 0(7) li 1.0000(3) 0.5201(2) 0.2064(2) 0.029(1) 0.027(1) 0.040(1) 0.0102(8) 0.0058(9) 0.0001(9) 0(8) li 0.4499(3) 0.5281(2) 0.2114(2) 0.028(1) 0.028(1) 0.043(1) 0.0103(8) -0.0024(9) 0.0041(9) 0(9) li 0.6998(3) 0.5104(2) 0.0490(2) 0.057(1) 0.027(1) 0.026(1) 0.015(1) -0.0062(9) -0.0054(8) 0(10) li -0.0504(4) -0.3081(4) -0.1230(4) 0.045(2) 0.089(3) 0.266(6) 0.029(2) -0.051(3) -0.124(3) N(l) li 0.7737(3) 0.5695(2) 0.3706(2) 0.032(1) 0.025(1) 0.025(1) 0.008(1) -0.0014(9) -0.0006(9) N(2) li 0.8216(3) 0.7277(2) 0.2123(2) 0.030(1) 0.021(1) 0.025(1) 0.0072(9) 0.0005(9) -0.0002(9) N(3) li 0.5872(4) -0.0948(3) 0.4278(2) 0.043(2) 0.034(2) 0.029(1) 0.015(1) 0.000(1) -0.002(1) C(l) li 0.7292(5) 0.4852(3) 0.4482(2) 0.044(2) 0.032(2) 0.033(2) 0.008(1) 0.003(1) 0.005(1) C(2) li 0.7834(6) 0.5175(4) 0.5511(3) 0.071(3) 0.048(2) 0.031(2) 0.020(2) 0.004(2) 0.010(2) C(3) li 0.8906(6) 0.6390(4) 0.5747(3) 0.082(3) 0.055(2) 0.027(2) 0.023(2) -0.011(2) -0.004(2) C(4) li 0.9369(5) 0.7271(3) 0.4957(3) 0.061(2) 0.035(2) 0.033(2) 0.011(2) -0.013(2) -0.006(1) C(5) li 0.8737(4) 0.6902(3) 0.3942(2) 0.030(1) 0.025(1) 0.030(1) 0.011(1) -0.005(1) -0.005(1) C(6) 2 i 0.8990(4) 0.7802(3) 0.3054(2) 0.025(1) 0.022(1) 0.031(1) 0.007(1) -0.002(1) -0.004(1) C(7) li 0.9828(4) 0.9105(3) 0.3158(2) 0.037(2) 0.026(2) 0.037(2) 0.006(1) -0.004(1) -0.005(1) C(8) li 0.9796(5) 0.9894(3) 0.2314(3) 0.041(2) 0.022(2) 0.054(2) 0.004(1) 0.005(2) 0.000(1) C(9) li 0.8947(5) 0.9369(3) 0.1379(3) 0.044(2) 0.031(2) 0.042(2) 0.014(1) 0.007(1) 0.011(1) C(10) li 0.8203(4) 0.8058(3) 0.1312(2) 0.039(2) 0.030(2) 0.028(1) 0.010(1) 0.001(1) 0.003(1) C(ll) li 0.4998(4) 0.1156(3) 0.2124(2) 0.025(1) 0.022(1) 0.036(2) 0.007(1) -0.002(1) -0.002(1) C(12) li 0.4107(4) 0.0228(3) 0.1383(2) 0.025(1) 0.021(1) 0.032(1) 0.006(1) -0.003(1) 0.001(1) C(13) li 0.3839(4) -0.1074(3) 0.1572(2) 0.025(1) 0.021(1) 0.030(1) 0.007(1) 0.001(1) -0.002(1) C(14) li 0.4396(4) -0.1464(3) 0.2535(2) 0.032(2) 0.017(1) 0.031(1) 0.007(1) 0.003(1) -0.001(1) C(15) li 0.5283(4) -0.0530(3) 0.3260(2) 0.031(1) 0.027(1) 0.025(1) 0.009(1) 0.000(1) -0.002(1) C(16) li 0.5642(4) 0.0773(3) 0.3072(2) 0.030(2) 0.024(1) 0.033(2) 0.007(1) -0.003(1) -0.007(1) C(17) li 0.5199(4) 0.2554(3) 0.1909(2) 0.030(2) 0.021(1) 0.043(2) 0.007(1) -0.006(1) -0.003(1) C(18) li 0.2894(4) -0.2052(3) 0.0733(2) 0.026(1) 0.020(1) 0.031(1) 0.005(1) 0.001(1) -0.001(1) Acknowledgment. The work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Institute of Science and Technology (grant nos. 7031 and 06038).

Crystal structure of triaqua-( 2,2'-bipyridine)-( 5-nitroisophthaiato) - nickel(II) monohydrate, Ni(H2O)3(C10H8N2)(C8H3NO6)* H2O

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Yue-E. Deng

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Syntheses, structures and third-order nonlinear optical properties of three coordination polymers based on bis(imidazol-l-yl-methyl)benzene and aromatic dicarboxylic ligands

Three coordination polymers constructed from bis(imidazol-l-yl-methyl)benzene: syntheses, structures, and third-order nonlinear optical properties

Calixarene-based coordination cage as efficient luminescent sensor for Fe3+, MnO4-, NB and 2,4-DNP in aqueous medium

Crystal structure of triaqua-( 2,2'-bipyridine)-( 5-nitroisophthaiato) - nickel(II) monohydrate, Ni(H2O)3(C10H8N2)(C8H3NO6)* H2O