Controlled release and targeted drug delivery with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles: reviewing two decades of research

Wound healing is a complex process that involves a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Because of their remarkable characteristics and capabilities, nanomaterials have recently emerged as potential therapeutic agents for wound healing. Many different nanomaterial-based wound-healing treatments have been created and put into widespread use. In this review, we compile the most recent research on cutting-edge nanomaterials for wound healing, including both organic and inorganic nanomaterials. We highlight prospective approaches for developing nanomaterial-based wound healing therapy procedures and talk about the benefits and limitations of these treatments. Future prospects for wound healing therapies based on nanomaterials are discussed, including the need to address toxicity concerns, the scalability of production, and the long-term stability of nanomaterials. The safety and effectiveness of nanomaterials depend on further investigation into their design, interactions with biological systems, and the results of rigorous preclinical and clinical trials. There is great potential for a dramatic improvement in patient outcomes with the introduction of nanomaterial-based wound healing therapies. 

Nanomaterials for wound healing: Current status and futuristic frontier

Abstract Nanoparticles are the gateway to the new era in drug delivery of biocompatible agents. Several products have emerged from nanomaterials in quest of developing practical wound healing dressings that are nonantigenic, antishear stress, and gas-exchange permeable. Numerous studies have isolated and characterised various wound healing nanomaterials and nanoproducts. The electrospinning of natural and synthetic materials produces fine products that can be mixed with other wound healing medications and herbs. Various produced nanomaterials are highly influential in wound healing experimental models and can be used commercially as well. This article reviewed the current state-of-the-art and briefly specified the future concerns regarding the different systems of nanomaterials in wound healing (i.e., inorganic nanomaterials, organic and hybrid nanomaterials, and nanofibers). This review may be a comprehensive guidance to help health care professionals identify the proper wound healing materials to avoid the usual wound complications. 

/pdf/nanomaterials-for-application-in-wound-healing-current-state-3i1paf7a.pdf

Nanomaterials for application in wound Healing: current state-of-the-art and future perspectives

Nano-drug delivery is a promising tactic to enhance the activity and minimize the cytotoxicity of antimicrobial drugs. In the current study, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were used as a carrier for the delivery of gentamicin sulfate (GM) and ascorbic acid (AA). The particles were synthesized by ionotropic gelation method and characterized by FT-IR, Zeta potential, and transmission electron microscope imaging. The obtained particles were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. The prepared particles (GM–AA–CSNPs) under the optimal condition of 4:1:1 of chitosan to drug ratio showed encapsulation efficiency and loading capacities of 89% and 22%, respectively. Regarding biological activities, GM–AA–CSNPs showed a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) than free gentamicin sulfate and GMCSNPs mixture without presenting cytotoxicity against normal cells (HSF). Moreover, the GM–AA–CSNPs did not exhibit hemolytic activity. These results highlight that the GM–AA–CSNPs are confirmed as a hopeful formula for future investigations on the development of antimicrobial preparations.

/pdf/gentamicin-ascorbic-acid-encapsulated-in-chitosan-2vupfg0s.pdf

Gentamicin–Ascorbic Acid Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Minimized Cytotoxicity

Nose to Brain Delivery of Transferrin conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for clonidine.

Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) was mixed with gentamicin sulfate via a double emulsion method, resulting in gentamicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles that exhibited excellent antibacterial properties and great potential in fabricating smart wound dressings integrated with a drug delivery system. The nanoparticle morphologies, particle degradation rates, drug release profiles, and antibacterial properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), and disk diffusion method. Nanoparticles prepared at different PLGA concentrations exhibited different release profiles that were determined by multiple release mechanisms including diffusion, osmotic pumping, and nanoparticle degradation. The antibacterial activities were measured using a disk diffusion method indicating that various nanoparticles loaded with antibiotics can control bacterial infection to some degree proving that nanoparticles used in this paper can be used in the pharmaceutical industry. The results suggested that drug release properties of gentamicin loaded PLGA nanoparticles can be affected by PLGA concentrations and PVA concentrations in the particle synthesis, providing a guidance in preparing gentamicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for topical antibiotics delivery applications. The nanoparticles with a spherical and uniformly porous structure were prepared with a PLGA concentration of 0.0167 g/ml and a PVA concentration of 12%, resulting in the highest average gentamicin release rate and excellent antibacterial activities. Four release mechanisms (diffusion through polymer, diffusion through pores, osmotic pumping, and nanoparticle degradation) primarily determined the gentamicin release process.

Synthesis and characterizations of gentamicin-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic (PLGA) nanoparticles

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Synthesis and characterizations of gentamicin-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic (PLGA) nanoparticles