Due to their unique properties, such as good biocompatibility, excellent conductivity, effective catalysis, high density, and high surface-to-volume ratio, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used in the field of bioassay. Mainly, AuNPs used in optical biosensors have been described in some reviews. In this review, we highlight recent advances in AuNP-based non-optical bioassays, including piezoelectric biosensor, electrochemical biosensor, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) bio-detection. Some representative examples are presented to illustrate the effect of AuNPs in non-optical bioassay and the mechanisms of AuNPs in improving detection performances are described. Finally, the review summarizes the future prospects of AuNPs in non-optical biosensors.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/12/977/pdf

Applications of Gold Nanoparticles in Non-Optical Biosensors

Heavy metal pollution of water has become a global issue and is especially problematic in some developing countries. Heavy metals are toxic to living organisms, even at very low concentrations. Therefore, effective and reliable heavy metal detection in environmental water is very important. Current laboratory-based methods used for analysis of heavy metals in water require sophisticated instrumentation and highly trained technicians, making them unsuitable for routine heavy metal monitoring in the environment. Consequently, there is a growing demand for autonomous detection systems that could perform in situ or point-of-use measurements. Microfluidic detection systems, which are defined by their small size, have many characteristics that make them suitable for environmental analysis. Some of these advantages include portability, high sample throughput, reduced reagent consumption and waste generation, and reduced production cost. This review focusses on developments in the application of microfluidic detection systems to heavy metal detection in water. Microfluidic detection strategies based on optical techniques, electrochemical techniques, and quartz crystal microbalance are discussed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/4/60/pdf

A Review of Microfluidic Detection Strategies for Heavy Metals in Water

Lipocalin family proteins and their diverse roles in cardiovascular disease.

Recently, the growing abuse of glyphosate herbicides in agricultural production has caused widespread accumulation of glyphosate in the environment, which is threatening the health or life of human beings and animals. To solve this problem, novel dendrimer grafted adsorbents were proposed for the rapid and efficient removal of glyphosate from water samples. These adsorbents were synthesized by grafting poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) onto poly(styrene-divinyl benzene-glycidylmethacrylate) beads. The morphological structure and chemical composition of the adsorbents were investigated by SEM, the BET method, FTIR spectroscopy, XPS and elemental analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were performed in glyphosate standard solutions with different pH, temperatures, and initial concentrations. Under the optimized conditions, adsorption equilibrium was attained rapidly within 5 min. Experimental data were correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model. The effect of temperature was also discussed by the thermodynamic parameters. Unlike other glyphosate adsorbents, their adsorption capabilities could be easily controlled by varying the generation of PAMAM dendrimer used. In addition, regeneration experiments showed that the adsorbents exhibited good reproducibility. When applied in the purification of contaminated drinking water, the removal efficiency of the adsorbents could be more than 95%.

Synthesis of dendrimer functionalized adsorbents for rapid removal of glyphosate from aqueous solution

Colorimetric copper ion sensing in solution phase and on paper substrate based on catalytic decomposition of S-nitrosothiol.

Abstract Background The implication of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) to prognosis is controversial, and its association with mortality at different stages remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the association between SIC and mortality in septic patients. Methods We searched and appraised observational studies regarding the mortality related to SIC among septic patients in PubMed and Embase from inception until 8 July 2021. Outcomes comprised in-hospital and 1-month mortality. We adopted the random-effects model to examine the mortality risk ratio in patients with and without SIC. Meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were applied to examine the outcome’s heterogeneity. Results Our results, including 20 studies and 4,410 septic patients, demonstrated that SIC was non-statistically associated with increased in-hospital mortality, compared to non-SIC (RR 1.28, [0.96–1.71]; p = 0.09), but the association was statistically significant in patients with the hospital stay lengths longer than 10 days (RR 1.40, [1.02–1.93]; p = 0.04). Besides, SIC was significantly associated with a higher risk of 1-month mortality (RR 1.47, [1.17–1.86]; p &lt; 0.01). Among SIC patients, right ventricular dysfunction was significantly associated with increased 1-month mortality (RR 1.72, [1.27–2.34]; p &lt; 0.01), while left ventricular dysfunction was not (RR 1.33, [0.87–2.02]; p = 0.18). Conclusions With higher in-hospital mortality in those hospitalized longer than 10 days and 1-month mortality, our findings imply that SIC might continue influencing the host’s system even after recovery from cardiomyopathy. Besides, right ventricular dysfunction might play a crucial role in SIC-related mortality, and timely biventricular assessment is vital in managing septic patients. 

/pdf/association-of-sepsis-induced-cardiomyopathy-and-mortality-a-10vpvo2y.pdf

Association of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Heavy metal ions arising from human activities are retained strongly in water; therefore public water supplies must be monitored regularly to ensure the timely detection of potential problems. A phosphate-modified dendrimer film was investigated on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for sensing metal ions in water at room temperature in this study. The chemical structures and sensing properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and QCM measurement, respectively. This phosphate-modified dendrimer sensor can directly detect metal ions in aqueous solutions. This novel sensor was evaluated for its capacity to sense various metal ions. The sensor exhibited a higher sensitivity level and shorter response time to copper(II) ions than other sensors. The linear detection range of the prepared QCM based on the phosphate-modified dendrimer was 0.0001 ~ 1 μM Cu(II) ions (R2 = 0.98). The detection properties, including sensitivity, response time, selectivity, reusability, maximum adsorption capacity, and adsorption equilibrium constants, were also investigated.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/25/8/085018/pdf

Piezoelectric sensor for sensitive determination of metal ions based on the phosphate-modified dendrimer

Drinking water from a tap is a source of potential exposure to environmental contaminants. This requires that public water supplies should be regularly monitored for heavy metals. Many of heavy metal ions are retained and accumulated in water strongly. Consequently it has entered the food chain to threaten human health. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based on a phosphate-modified dendrimer film was investigated for direct detection of Cu(II) metal ion in water. This QCM sensor exhibited the high sensitivity and the short response time to Cu(II) metal ion.

/pdf/detection-of-cu-ii-ion-in-water-using-a-quartz-crystal-115wzcccjw.pdf

Detection of Cu(II) Ion in Water Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease, is due to articular cartilage degradation, leading to joint destruction. The most common methods for diagnosing OA are done using radiographs and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method which are specific but require specialized laboratory facilities and highly trained personal. To avoid invasive methods for diagnosis, the current study describes a novel non-invasive detection method for osteoarthritis urine biomarkers. A highly selective and specific monoclonal antibodies, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), were used to immobilize on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor. The developed QCM sensor for COMP detection showed good sensitivity, linearity, specificity and reliability.

Sensitive and Label-free Detection of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein on Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Clinical efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors with different SGLT1/SGLT2 selectivity in cardiovascular outcomes among patients with and without heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

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