Mitigating abiotic stress: microbiome engineering for improving agricultural production and environmental sustainability

Harmonia axyridis has become notorious as an urban pest in many of the regions where it has been introduced, despite its numerous contributions to the biological control of insects injurious to agriculture and horticulture. Aggregative behavior prior to overwintering leads to invasions of human habitations as beetles seek refuge from freezing temperatures. Here we describe the aggregation behavior of native H. axyridis populations of northeast China that breed in agricultural fields (mostly corn and rice) and shrub/forest habitats and then migrate through rural villages in autumn. More than 140,000 beetles were collected during direct observations in 16 villages in five townships in Jilin Province. Beetles aggregated on dwellings shortly after agricultural harvests, favoring white walls with southern exposures, the largest aggregations occurring in villages in mountainous townships at higher elevations. The sex ratio was consistently female-biased and succinic phenotypes were more than twice as abundant as melanic phenotypes in all locations. A special trap compared the relative attractiveness of different surface colors (white > yellow = black > green > red = natural wood) and potential baits (corn pollen = honey > caramel = cocoa > milk = blank control). All aggregations disappeared abruptly just prior to the first frost, whereupon beetles were discovered sheltering in montane caves with southern aspects at higher elevations. Villagers reported substantial expenditures on pesticides in efforts to eliminate beetles from their homes every autumn. Invasion of human habitations appears to be an intrinsic tendency of native H. axyridis populations in China, which is the result of behavioral adaptations for cold-avoidance.

/pdf/the-aggregation-behavior-of-harmonia-axyridis-in-its-native-3x7nym5igv.pdf

The aggregation behavior of Harmonia axyridis in its native range in Northeast China

Winter survival of Harmonia axyridis in The Netherlands

The main function of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) as molecular chaperones is to protect proteins from denaturation under adverse conditions. Molecular and physiological data were used to examine the sHSPs underlying cold-hardiness in H. axyridis. Complementary DNA sequences were obtained for six Harmonia axyridis sHSPs based on its transcriptome, and the expression of the genes coding for these sHSPs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in several developmental stages, under short-term cooling or heating conditions, and in black and yellow females of experimental and overwintering populations under low-temperature storage. In addition, we measured water content and the super cooling and freezing points (SCP and FP, respectively) of H. axyridis individuals from experimental and overwintering populations. The average water content was not significantly different between adults of both populations, but the SCP and FP of the overwintering population were significantly lower than that of the experimental population. Overall, the six sHSPs genes showed different expression patterns among developmental stages. In the short-term cooling treatment, Hsp16.25 and Hsp21.00 expressions first increased and then decreased, while Hsp10.87 and Hsp21.56 expressions increased during the entire process. Under short-term heating, the expressions of Hsp21.00, Hsp21.62, Hsp10.87, and Hsp16.25 showed an increasing trend, whereas Hsp36.77 first decreased and then increased. Under low-temperature storage conditions, the expression of Hsp36.77 decreased, while the expressions of Hsp21.00 and Hsp21.62 were higher than that of the control group in the experimental population. The expression of Hsp36.77 first increased and then decreased, whereas Hsp21.56 expression was always higher than that of the control group in the overwintering population. Thus, differences in sHSPs gene expression were correlated with the H. axyridis forms, suggesting that the mechanism of cold resistance might differ among them. Although Hsp36.77, Hsp16.25, Hsp21.00, and Hsp21.62 regulated cold- hardiness, the only significant differences between overwintering and experimental populations were found for Hsp16.25 and Hsp21.00.

/pdf/molecular-cloning-and-induced-expression-of-six-small-heat-22raiqfnhh.pdf

Molecular Cloning and Induced Expression of Six Small Heat Shock Proteins Mediating Cold-Hardiness in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Effect of six different diets on the development and oviposition of Harmonia axyridis was studied. The developmental time of larvae fed on different diets ranged from 9.3 to 16.2 days, and the artificial diet-grown larvae showed a significantly longer developmental time than those fed on Sitotroga cerealella eggs or Chaitophorus populeti. They also showed a lower adult emergence rate, which were only 3.6% to 16.0 %, while it was 90.0 % on C. populeti and 72.1 % on S. cerealella eggs. The C. populeti was the best diet in terms of reproduction, because of the shorter pre-oviposition period and higher fecundity of its females compared to the females on artificial diets and S. cerealella eggs. In order to evaluate the potential of S. cerealella eggs for rearing H. axyridis as a supplementary prey, its effect on the fecundity of H. axyridis was tested. The results revealed that for adults fed on C. populeti, their larval food source had no significant effect on duration of pre-oviposition period (8.6 and 7.5 d...

https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-20/issue-1/003.020.0111/Effect-of-Six-Diets-on-Development-and-Fecundity-of-Harmonia/10.4001/003.020.0111.pdf

Effect of Six Diets on Development and Fecundity of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Microbiome-metabolome analysis directed isolation of rhizobacteria capable of enhancing salt tolerance of Sea Rice 86.

In this study,seasonal variation in cold tolerance of Harmonia axyridis adults were investigated by measuring their supercooling point(SCP),water content,total fat content and cold survival ability.The results indicated that cold tolerance of the adults varied obviously with seasons.The pre-winter adults had higher tolerance to low temperature than the summer and post-winter adults.Summer adults with cold acclimation(5℃,5 d)before the occurrence of low temperatures showed higher cold tolerance.The SCPs and the water and fat content of the female and male adults varied remarkably in different seasons.The SCPs of female and male adults were highest in July(-7.6℃ and-8.0℃,respectively)while lowest in January(-18.1℃ and-16.9℃,respectively);the water contents of female and male adults were highest in September(66.87% and 68.01%,respectively)while lowest in February(52.94% and 51.53%,respectively).The SCP and water content of over-wintering adults were significantly lower than those in other seasons.But the total fat contents of pre-winter female and male adults(50.07% and 47.93%,respectively)were significantly higher than those in other seasons.

Seasonal variation in cold tolerance of the multicolored ladybeetle,Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) adults

Heat tolerance is a key trait for understanding insect responses to extreme heat events, but tolerance may be modulated by changes in food availability and seasonal variability in temperature. Differences in sensitivity and resistance across life stages are also important determinants of species responses. Using a full-factorial experimental design, we here investigated the effects of larval starvation, adult starvation, and seasonal morph (developmental temperature) on heat tolerance of a seasonally polyphenic butterfly, Mycalesis mineus, in both larval and adult stages. While starvation and rearing temperature profoundly influenced various life history traits in the insect, none of the treatments affected adult heat tolerance. There was also no evidence of reduced heat tolerance in larvae under starvation stress, though larval thermal tolerance was higher by ~1 °C at the higher developmental temperature. The lack of a starvation effect was unexpected given the general physiological cost of heat tolerance mechanisms. This might be attributed to the ability to tolerate heat being preserved under resource-based trade-offs due to its critical role in ensuring insect survival. Invariant heat tolerance in M. mineus shows that some insects may have thermal capacity to cope with extreme heat under short-term starvation and seasonality disruptions, though more prolonged changes may have greater consequences. The capacity to maintain key physiological function under multiple stressors will be crucial for species resilience in future novel environments. 

Consistent heat tolerance under starvation across seasonal morphs in Mycalesis mineus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

As an important cereal crop, common oat, has attracted more and more attention due to its healthy nutritional components and bioactive compounds. Here, high-depth resequencing of 115 oat accessions and closely related hexaploid species worldwide was performed. Based on genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium analysis, it was found that hulled oat (Avena sativa) experienced a more severe bottleneck than naked oat (Avena sativa var. nuda). Combined with the divergence time of ∼51,200 years ago, the previous speculation that naked oat was a variant of hulled oat was rejected. It was found that the common segments that hulled oat introgressed to naked oat cultivars contained 444 genes, mainly enriched in photosynthetic efficiency-related pathways. Selective sweeps during environmental adaptation and breeding improvement were identified in the naked oat genome. Candidate genes associated with smut resistance and the days to maturity phenotype were also identified. Our study provides genomic resources and new insights into naked oat domestication and breeding. 

Genome resequencing reveals independent domestication and breeding improvement of naked oat

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Yu Ling

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Microbiome-metabolome analysis directed isolation of rhizobacteria capable of enhancing salt tolerance of Sea Rice 86.

Seasonal variation in cold tolerance of the multicolored ladybeetle,Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) adults

Consistent heat tolerance under starvation across seasonal morphs in Mycalesis mineus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Genome resequencing reveals independent domestication and breeding improvement of naked oat