Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are new carbon-based nanomaterials with unique electronic, optical, and physicochemical properties. Both CQDs and GQDs have received attention in different material research fields such as optoelectronics, energy harvesting, chemical sensing, and biosensing. The combination of edge effects and/or zero-dimensional quantum-confined structures make them a promising alternative for applications like LED emitters, photodetectors, solar cells, water splitting, and optoelectronic devices. Despite the great potential for using these materials in energy harvesters, their potential in energy applications has not yet been reviewed thoroughly. In this review, we particularly focused on the role of edge effects and attached functional groups on flexible optoelectronic devices for energy harvesting applications. In addition, we also discussed the underlying challenges and future prospects for CQD/GQD-based devices with respect to their performance, sustainability, durability, and cost-effectiveness to efficiently realize their industrial scale-up.

Current and future perspectives of carbon and graphene quantum dots: From synthesis to strategy for building optoelectronic and energy devices

Carbon dots, a class of zero dimensional nanomaterials have recently emerged as excellent candidates for versatile applications such as bioimaging, catalysis, sensing and drug delivery. They possess outstanding optical properties, low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and require simple low-cost synthesis methods. Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have been developed for the synthesis since its discovery. Various techniques such as laser ablation, chemical and electrochemical oxidations, thermolysis and sonolysis of carbon precursors have been reported for the synthesis of these key materials. Recently, the attention has been shifted to the synthesis of carbon dots from eco-friendly sources like biomass especially waste biomass as well as other waste, as these precursors provide a partial solution for the mitigation of the omnipresent problem of waste management. This review presents an overview of the various methods and precursors used in the synthetic strategies of carbon dots, with emphasis on green synthesis.

Recent trends in the use of green sources for carbon dot synthesis–A short review

The emergence of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) opens up new opportunities in different branches of science and technology primarily because of their conducive biocompatibility, tunable bandgaps, and u...

Syntheses of N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots (NCQDs) from Bioderived Precursors: A Timely Update

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/nano.202000232

Recent advances of biomass carbon dots on syntheses, characterization, luminescence mechanism, and sensing applications

Nitrogen-doped carbon dot decorated zinc oxide nanoparticles (N-CDs@ZnO composite) were successfully fabricated by an economical wet-impregnation method and used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) dye under UV-light at room temperature. The chemical composition and morphological features of the prepared N-CDs@ZnO composite were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The photodegradation capability of the N-CDs@ZnO composite was compared with that of bare ZnO nanoparticles, under identical experimental conditions. The results show that the N-CDs@ZnO composite exhibits notably higher photocatalytic activity (degradation efficiency over 99%, 60 min) compared to bare ZnO nanoparticles (75%, 60 min) towards the degradation of MB under UV-light irradiation. Besides, the degradation obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model with a photocatalytic rate constant (k) of 0.0557 min-1, which was ∼2.3 times higher than that of bare ZnO nanoparticles (0.0240 min-1). The crucial roles of N-CDs in the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of the N-CDs@ZnO composite arise because the N-CDs can efficiently absorb UV-light and trap electrons, thus hindering the recombination of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs and also suppressing the photocorrosion of the ZnO nanoparticles in the N-CDs@ZnO composite. The N-CDs@ZnO composite not only showed good photocatalytic activity but also had good stability since the photocatalytic activity did not significantly decrease after three cycling tests. The present study shows that the N-CDs@ZnO composite can be considered as an ideal photocatalyst in the field of dye degradation. Overall, the present approach obeys green chemistry principles with the simple construction of the N-CDs@ZnO composite and the composite holds promise for the development of efficient photocatalytic systems.

Facile synthesis of a novel nitrogen-doped carbon dot adorned zinc oxide composite for photodegradation of methylene blue.

High-performance nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots: Facile green synthesis from waste paper and broadband photodetection by coupling with ZnO nanorods

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High-performance nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots: Facile green synthesis from waste paper and broadband photodetection by coupling with ZnO nanorods