The Effects of Uncorrected Astigmatism on Dynamic Stereoacuity

Purpose: This study was performed in order to figure out the influence of illumination on visual function. Methods: 40 adults (male 21, female 19) of average age years were participated in this study. The test chart surface illumination was adjusted to 5, 50, 200, 500 and 800 lx, and then amplitude of accommodation, near point of convergence, far and near distance phoria, far and near distance fusional vergence, relative accommodation, and accommodation lag were measured at each illumination condition. Results: As illumination intensity of test chart was reduced, amplitude of accommodation was significantly decreased (p

Effects of Variation of Illumination on Visual Function Factors

Purpose: This study investigated the correlation of static stereoacuity with the astigmatism power and the degree of uncorrected astigmatism. Methods: 38 subjects (mean age: 21.84±2.31 years old) with myopic with-the-rule astigmatism were selected and divided into two groups, under −2.00 DC group (DC < −2.00) and over −2.00 DC group (DC ≥ −2.00), based on the −2.00 D astigmatism. Static stereoacuity was measured by using Frisby Stereotest and compared at the each degree of uncorrected astigmatism (0.00 DC, −0.50 DC, −1.00 DC). Results: Static stereoacuity statistically significantly decreased in all subjects as the degree of uncorrected astigmatism was increased (p<0.05). There was more decrease of static stereoacuity at the ‘DC ≥ −2.00’ than the ‘DC < −2.00’. with −1.00 DC uncorrected astigmatism. Static stereoacuity according to both the astigmatism power and the degree of uncorrected astigmatism were all statistically significant positive correlation (p<0.05), particularly showed higher correlation at the ‘DC ≥ −2.00’. Conclusions: As the degree of uncorrected astigmatism increases, static stereoacuity is decreased. Even if the degree of uncorrected astigmatism is the same, as the higher astigmatism power could result larger decrease of static stereoacuity, it should be prescribed with caution when the astigmatism power is over −2.00 D.

Study of the Correlation of Static Stereoacuity according to the Astigmatism Power and the Degree of Uncorrected Astigmatism

Purpose: To evaluate the stereoscopic acuity in patients with unilateral or bilateral visual field defects. Methods: Stereoscopic acuity was measured using the Titmus stereo test for 36 subjects with visual field defects (VFD). VFD was assessed by sum of MD (mean deviation, MDsum) and PSD (pattern standard deviation, PSDsum) of both eyes in Humphrey visual field test and presence of central VFD (within 30° isopter) in Goldman visual field test. 25 glaucoma subjects and 11 optic neuritis subjects were included. Patients with strabismus or ocular motility disorders which could affect stereoscopic acuity were excluded. Results: The mean of MDsum was -20.10 ± 12.31 dB (-45.13~-10.64 dB) and PSDsum was 13.10 ± 8.76 dB (9.62-25.47 dB). The mean stereoscopic acuity was 710 ± 922 arc sec (40-3000 arc sec) with Titmus stereo test. The associations between stereoscopic acuity and PSDsum (r = 0.400, p = 0.016), presence of central VFD within 30 degrees (r = 0.428, p = 0.03) were statistically significant. There was positive trend between stereoscopic acuity and duration of VFD, but with no statistical significance. Conclusions: Decreased stereoscopic acuity was associated with PSDsum and VFD in the central 30 degrees. We should consider this decrease of stereoscopic acuity as well when evaluating visual function of the patients with VFD. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(5):734-739

The Stereoscopic Acuity in Patients with Unilateral or Bilateral Visual Field Defects

Purpose: To distinguish the dominant eye in patients with intermittent exotropia by comparing the width of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), the vascular density (VD), and the choroidal thickness (CT) in both eyes. Methods: A total of 34 subjects with intermittent exotropia were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed after discrimination of the dominant eye using a prism cover test (PCT). FAZ widths in the superficial capillary plexus (referred to here as superficial FAZ or SFAZ) and in the deep capillary plexus (deep FAZ or DFAZ); VDs of the 1-mm fovea and 3-mm parafovea, specifically the superficial capillary plexus density (SCPD); and CT measured by OCTA were compared between both eyes using a one-sample t-test. These abovementioned parameters were compared between dominant and non-dominant eyes through Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results: The widths of SFAZ and DFAZ, the 1-mm fovea and 3-mm parafovea SCPDs, and CT of dominant eye showed positive correlations with respect to the non-dominant eye. Although there was no statistically significant difference in SFAZ and DFAZ widths, the 3-mm parafovea SCPD, or CT between eyes, the 1-mm fovea SCPD in the non-dominant eye showed a statistically significant higher density than that of the dominant eye (p = 0.039). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the higher 1-mm fovea SCPD in the non-dominant eye is due to the secondary development of capillaries around the FAZ of the non-dominant eye after the retina of both eyes had developed to some extent. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2020;61(12):1507-1516

/pdf/differences-in-retinal-and-choroidal-vessels-between-23dth3zw9s.pdf

Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Vessels between Dominant and Non-dominant Eyes in Intermittent Exotropia

Purpose: We examined the effect of induced interocular difference of retinal illuminanace on stereopsis. Methods: Fifty adults who have normal binocularity were examined with neutral density filters. The mean age was 29.1 years. While the monocular retinal illuminance was gradually reduced by increasing the value of neutral density filters, we measured the best corrected visual acuity and stereoacuity with Titmus test and Lang test. We used neutral density filter from 1.0 neutral density (ND, 10% transmit) to 3.0ND (0.1% transmit) with intervals of 0.2ND. Results: The best corrected visual acuity began to decrease significantly when the value of neutral density filter reached 2.0ND (1% transmit). Stereoacuity also began to decline when the value was 1.4ND(4% transmit) with Titmus test and 1.6ND (2.5% transmit) with Lang test. Conclusions: Change of retinal illuminance effects more on stereoacuity than visual acuity as stereoacuity decreased earlier by increasing the value of density filters. These results imply that the stereopsis test could be more useful than visual acuity test for detecting ocular abnormalities influencing the retinal illuminance.

Effect of Difference of Binocular Retinal Illuminance on Stereopsis

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Effect of Difference of Binocular Retinal Illuminance on Stereopsis