Health At A Glance

Cochrane review, hvor hensikten var a vurdere effekten av intervensjoner designet for reduksjon av fall blant eldre mennesker i sykehjem og sykehus.

Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals

Diminished ability to maintain balance may be associated with an increased risk of falling. In older adults, falls commonly lead to injury, loss of independence, associated illness and early death. Although some exercise interventions with balance and muscle strengthening components have been shown to reduce falls it is not known which elements, or combination of elements, of exercise interventions are most effective for improving balance in older people. Objectives: To present the best evidence for effectiveness of exercise interventions designed to improve balance in older people living in the community or in institutional care. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials testing exercise interventions designed to improve balance in older people were included. The authors excluded trials of interventions targeting individuals with specific conditions in order not to broaden the scope of this review too widely. Trials were included where participants were randomised to receive the following: a single exercise intervention or a multiple exercise intervention and a control group (usual activities or attention or recreational activity). Trials comparing two or more exercise interventions and a control group were also included. For the 34 included studies there were 2883 participants at entry. Statistically significant improvements in balance ability were observed for exercise interventions compared to usual activity. Interventions involving gait; balance; co-ordination and functional exercises; muscle strengthening; and multiple exercise types appear to have the greatest impact on indirect measures of balance. There was trend towards an improvement in balance with cycling on a static cycle. However, there was limited evidence that effects were long-lasting.

Exercise for improving balance in older people

Background: Cervical cancer poses a significant threat to Korean American women, who are reported to have one of the highest cervical cancer mortality rates in the United States Studies consistently report that Korean American women have the lowest Pap test screening rates across US ethnic groups Objective: In response to the need to enhance cervical cancer screening in this vulnerable population, we developed and tested a 7-day mobile phone text message-based cervical cancer Screening (mScreening) intervention designed to promote the receipt of Pap tests by young Korean American women Methods: We developed and assessed the acceptability and feasibility of a 1-week mScreening intervention to increase knowledge of cervical cancer screening, intent to receive screening, and the receipt of a Pap test Fogg’s Behavior Model was the conceptual framework that guided the development of the mScreening intervention A series of focus groups were conducted to inform the development of the intervention The messages were individually tailored for each participant and delivered to them for a 7-day period at each participant’s preferred time A quasi-experimental research design of 30 Korean American women aged 21 to 29 years was utilized with baseline, post (1 week after the completion of mScreening), and follow-up (3 months after the completion of mScreening) testing Results: Findings revealed a significant increase in participants’ knowledge of cervical cancer ( P <001) and guidelines for cervical cancer screening ( P =006) A total of 23% (7/30) (95% CI 99-423) of the mScreening participants received a Pap test; 83% (25/30) of the participants expressed satisfaction with the intervention and 97% (29/30) reported that they would recommend the program to their friends, indicating excellent acceptability and feasibility of the intervention Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the effectiveness and feasibility of the mScreening intervention Mobile technology is a promising tool to increase both knowledge and receipt of cervical cancer screening Given the widespread usage of mobile phones among young adults, a mobile phone-based health intervention could be a low-cost and effective method of reaching populations with low cervical cancer screening rates, using individually tailored messages that cover broad content areas and overcome restrictions to place and time of delivery [J Med Internet Res 2014;16(8):e196]

Mobile Phone Text Messaging Intervention for Cervical Cancer Screening: Changes in Knowledge and Behavior Pre-Post Intervention

Raising the standards of the calf-raise test: a systematic review.

Korean American women's breast cancer screening rates are low, and the rates among older Korean American women are even lower.This article describes health beliefs related to older Korean American women's screening behaviors, comparing them to beliefs of younger Korean American women. The 73 women age 65 and older had significantly dif-ferent health beliefs than the 114 women between ages 40 and 64. Further, older women's perceptions of the seriousness of the disease and benefits of and barriers to taking action to prevent the disease predated their screening behaviors. Interventions to change the health beliefs of older Korean American women are suggested.

Breast cancer screening beliefs among older Korean American women.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop & to determine the effect of an tailored falls prevention exercise for older adults. Method: Subjects consisted of 59 older adults (experimental group : 29, control group : 30) living at nursing homes. Experimental group participated in tailored falls pre...

/pdf/noin-nagsangyebang-majcumundongyi-gaebal-mic-hyogwa-4xhzs4507h.pdf

노인 낙상예방 맞춤운동의 개발 및 효과

Purpose This study was done to suggest directions for developing exercise interventions for fall prevention in the elderly in Korea in the future. Method Twenty five articles for fall prevention exercises were reviewed and analyzed. Result 84.0% of subjects were older adults age 65 and older living in the community. The most frequently performed interventions were lower limb strength and balance exercises together 43.3%, group exercise 70.0%, exercise 3 times/week 60.0%, 60 min per session 36.7%, duration of 12 weeks and 1 year 23.3% each. The most frequently used outcome variables were static balance 84.0%, lower limb muscle strength 72.0%, dynamic balance 56.0 %, and falls 56.0 %. The effect of exercise interventions on fall prevention was inconclusive. Lower limb strength exercises with resistance were effective for increasing muscle strength. Balance exercises with various movements for balance were effective for increasing balance. Conclusion Exercise interventions for fall prevention is recommended for older adults with risk factors of falling. The desirable type of exercise intervention is lower limb strength and balance exercise together.

/pdf/a-review-of-exercise-interventions-for-fall-prevention-in-vnneb3ew97.pdf

A Review of Exercise Interventions for Fall Prevention in the Elderly

The Effect of the Flipped Learning on Self-efficacy, Critical Thinking Disposition, and Communication Competence of Nursing Students

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the practice level of 14 health behaviors between male (N=139) and female (N=175) elderly and to identify the barriers to each health behavior of elderly people in Korea. Methods: Data were collected from 314 elderly people (65 yr and older) living in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas. Descriptive statistics, 2-test and ordinal logistic regression were used in data analysis using the SPSS Win 15 version. Results: 1) The performances were different in some health behaviors between male and female elderly people. Male elderly showed better performances in balanced diet, regular exercise, and more than 30 min of exercise, while female elderly showed better performances in restriction of fat and cholesterol, restriction on alcohol, and smoking. There were no differences in stress management and health prevention behaviors between the two groups. 2) The common significant barriers in health behaviors of the elderly in Korea were the lack of habit and physical discomfort. However, the lack of perceived benefit was a significant barrier in male elderly. Lack of time and lack of family support were significant barriers in female elderly people in Korea. Conclusion: These results suggest that tailored strategies should be developed considering the gender difference to reduce the main barriers of each health behavior in order to improve the health status of elderly people.

/pdf/barriers-to-health-behaviors-in-male-and-female-elderly-276r7ncaui.pdf

Barriers to health behaviors in male and female elderly people in Korea

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