Hydrogel delivery systems can leverage therapeutically beneficial outcomes of drug delivery and have found clinical use. Hydrogels can provide spatial and temporal control over the release of various therapeutic agents, including small-molecule drugs, macromolecular drugs and cells. Owing to their tunable physical properties, controllable degradability and capability to protect labile drugs from degradation, hydrogels serve as a platform in which various physiochemical interactions with the encapsulated drugs control their release. In this Review, we cover multiscale mechanisms underlying the design of hydrogel drug delivery systems, focusing on physical and chemical properties of the hydrogel network and the hydrogel-drug interactions across the network, mesh, and molecular (or atomistic) scales. We discuss how different mechanisms interact and can be integrated to exert fine control in time and space over the drug presentation. We also collect experimental release data from the literature, review clinical translation to date of these systems, and present quantitative comparisons between different systems to provide guidelines for the rational design of hydrogel delivery systems.

/pdf/designing-hydrogels-for-controlled-drug-delivery-3k03j5j2j9.pdf

Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery.

A review on the separators of liquid electrolyte Li-ion batteries

3.6.3. T8R7R′ Compounds (R ) i-Bu) 2127 3.6.4. T8R7R′ Compounds (R ) Et, c-C5H9, or Cy) 2128 3.7. Mass Spectra of POSS Compounds 2128 3.8. Electronic Spectra of POSS Compounds 2130 3.9. NMR and EPR Spectroscopies 2131 3.9.1. Solution 29Si NMR Studies 2131 3.9.2. Other Heteronuclear NMR Studies 2134 3.9.3. EPR Spectra 2134 3.10. Vibrational Spectra of POSS Compounds 2136 3.11. X-ray Photoelectron Spectra of POSS Compounds 2139

Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Cubic Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxanes

Production of cellulose nanofibrils: A review of recent advances

Design, and Applications Shutao Wang,†,‡ Kesong Liu, Xi Yao, and Lei Jiang*,†,‡,§ †Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, and ‡Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, BeiHang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong P6903, People’s Republic of China

Bioinspired Surfaces with Superwettability: New Insight on Theory, Design, and Applications

The pH-responsive hydrogels were studied as a drug carrier for the protection of insulin from the acidic environment of the stomach before releasing in the small intestine. Hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol) networks grafted with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid were prepared via a two-step process. Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels were prepared by gamma ray irradiation (50 kGy) and then followed by grafting either acrylic acid or methacrylic acid onto this poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with subsequent irradiation (5-20 kGy). These graft hydrogels showed pH-sensitive swelling behavior. These hydrogels were used as carrier for the controlled release of insulin. The in vitro release of insulin was observed for the insulin-loaded hydrogels in a simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) but not in a simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2). The release behavior of insulin in vivo in a rat model confirmed the effectiveness of the oral delivery of insulin to control the level of glucose.

RETRACTED: Oral delivery of insulin using pH-sensitive hydrogels based on polyvinyl alcohol grafted with acrylic acid/methacrylic acid by radiation

Preparation of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film with a nucleating agent during a stretching process

Energy deposition calculation by Monte Carlo simulation in irradiation of electric cables by electron beam

Hydrogels for wound dressings from a mixture of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), glycerin and an antibacterial agent were obtained by a γ-irradiation combined with freeze-thawing. The physical properties such as the gelation and swelling degree of the hydrogels were examined. When the PVP/PVA ratio was 6: 4 (wt%) and prepared by combined irradiation and freeze-thawing, it showed an excellent swelling capacity (>1,200%). The antibacterial effect of the hydrogels containing the antibacterial agents was observed to be effective as the concentration of antibacterial agents increased. The results demonstrated that hydrogel in a proper blending ratio could be used as a wound dressing that can accelerate wound healing with an antibacterial effect.

/pdf/preparation-and-characterization-of-pva-pvp-glycerin-4a01m49bhv.pdf

Preparation and characterization of PVA/PVP/glycerin/antibacterial agent hydrogels using γ-irradiation followed by freeze-thawing

Biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) were prepared as physical barriers for preventing surgical adhesions. These interpolymeric hydrogels were synthesized by gamma irradiation crosslinking technique. A 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm of cecal serosa and an adjacent abdominal wall were abraded with bone burr until the serosal surface was disrupted and hemorrhagic but not perforated. The denuded cecum was covered with either CMC/PEG hydrogels or a solution from a CMC/PEG hydrogel. Control rat serosa was not covered. Two weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and the adhesion was scored on a 0–5 scale. Control rat showed a significantly higher incidence of adhesions than either the CMC/PEG hydrogels or a solution from the CMC/PEG hydrogel. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that CMC/PEG hydrogels have a function of the prevention for an intra abdominal adhesion in a rat model.

Reduction of postsurgical adhesion formation with hydrogels synthesized by radiation

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