Here, a unique combination of a novel carbon-nitrogen source (g-C3N4) with different mole ratios of Ti/g-C3N4 has been utilized to fabricate iron matrix composite coatings by a synchronized powder feeding plasma transferred arc (PTA) cladding technology. The results show that submicron Ti(C,N) particles are successfully fabricated in situ on a Q235 low carbon steel substrate to reinforce the iron matrix composite coatings and exhibit dense microstructures and good metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate. The microstructure of the coating consists of an α-Fe matrix and Ti(C,N) particles when the mole ratio of Ti/g-C3N4 is no more than 5:1. The microhardness and wear resistance of the coating gradually improve with increasing abundance of the in-situ-synthesized Ti(C,N) particles. Interestingly, for a Ti/g-C3N4 mole ratio of 6:1, a fine lamellar eutectic Laves phase (Fe2Ti) appears, and this phase further improves the microhardness and wear resistance of the coating. The microhardness of the coating is 3.5 times greater than that of the Q235 substrate, and the wear resistance is enhanced 7.66 times over that of the substrate. The Ti(C,N)/Fe2Ti and Fe2Ti/α-Fe interfaces are very clean, and the crystallographic orientation relationships between the phases are analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and an edge-to-edge matching model. The theoretical predictions and the experimental results are in good agreement. Furthermore, based on the present study, for the solidification process near equilibrium, smaller interatomic spacing misfits and interplanar spacing d-value mismatches contribute to the formation of crystallographic orientation relationships between phases during the PTA cladding process. The existence of orientation relationships is beneficial for improving the properties of the coatings. This work not only expands the application fields of g-C3N4 but also provides a new idea for the preparation of Ti(C,N) particle-reinforced composite coatings.

A New Design of In Situ Ti(C,N) Reinforced Composite Coatings and Their Microstructures, Interfaces, and Wear Resistances

Growth mechanism of in-situ WC grain in Fe-Ni-W-C alloys system

In this paper, Ti on different WC types (spherical WC and cast WC/W2C) reinforced Ni-based gradient coating was prepared via plasma transferred arc (PTA). Microstructure characteristics, carbide precipitation mechanism, gradient delamination and tribological behavior of the coating were discussed in detail. The relationships between Gibbs free energy, standard molar heat formation and dynamic viscosity of the molten pool were established. Results showed that two types of in-situ carbides formed at the top of the spherical WC reinforced Ni-based coating: one was core-shell structure particles with TiC as core and (Ti,W)C as shell, and another was octahedral particles of (Ti,W)C. Effect of Ti content on the delamination behavior of cast WC/W2C was greater than that of spherical WC. When the Ti content increased, the percentage of cast WC/W2C particles reduced sharply which was related to the severe dissolution behavior of the cast WC/W2C and the lower dynamic viscosity of the molten pool, but the spherical WC particles was basically unaffected. In the study of these four gradient coatings, Ti content strongly effected the microhardness and wear resistance of the cast WC/W2C and spherical WC reinforced Ni-based coatings.

Effect of Ti on microstructure characteristics, carbide precipitation mechanism and tribological behavior of different WC types reinforced Ni-based gradient coating

Comparison of properties and impact abrasive wear performance of ZrO2-Al2O3/Fe composite prepared by pressure casting and infiltration casting process

Microstructure evolution and wear resistance of in-situ synthesized (Ti, Nb)C ceramic reinforced Ni204 composite coatings

Microstructure and tribology behaviors of in-situ WC/Fe carbide coating fabricated by plasma transferred arc metallurgic reaction

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Microstructure and tribology behaviors of in-situ WC/Fe carbide coating fabricated by plasma transferred arc metallurgic reaction