Hydrogels, due to their excellent biochemical and mechnical property, have shown attractive advantages in the field of wound dressings. However, a comprehensive review of the functional hydrogel as a wound dressing is still lacking. This work first summarizes the skin wound healing process and relates evaluation parameters and then reviews the advanced functions of hydrogel dressings such as antimicrobial property, adhesion and hemostasis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation, substance delivery, self-healing, stimulus response, conductivity, and the recently emerged wound monitoring feature, and the strategies adopted to achieve these functions are all classified and discussed. Furthermore, applications of hydrogel wound dressing for the treatment of different types of wounds such as incisional wound and the excisional wound are summarized. Chronic wounds are also mentioned, and the focus of attention on infected wounds, burn wounds, and diabetic wounds is discussed. Finally, the future directions of hydrogel wound dressings for wound healing are further proposed.

Functional Hydrogels as Wound Dressing to Enhance Wound Healing.

Alginate and alginate composites for biomedical applications.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2022.01.001

Antibacterial biomaterials for skin wound dressing

Natural Polymer-Based Antimicrobial Hydrogels without Synthetic Antibiotics as Wound Dressings

Recent Progress in Polymer Research to Tackle Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance.

The creation of a moist environment and promotion of blood vessel formation are critical for wound healing. Sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel, which has good biocompatibility and is able to provide a moist environment, has been widely used as a wound dressing. However, it lacks antibacterial ability and bioactivities, which would facilitate chronic wound healing. On the basis of the gelation characteristics of SA and the bioactive hardystonite (HS) bioceramic, we designed a unique, bioactive, injectable composite hydrogel through double ion cross-linking, in which divalent ions, such as Ca2+ and Zn2+ function as cross-linkers; Zn2+ also functions as an antibacterial component and as nutrition for wound healing, and Si ions play a key role in determining the bioactivity of the hydrogel. With the controlled release of divalent ions, such as Ca2+ and Zn2+ from HS, the gelation process of the composite hydrogel could be efficiently controlled. In addition, in vitro results reveal that the composite hydrogel stimu...

Multifunctional Hydrogels Prepared by Dual Ion Cross-Linking for Chronic Wound Healing

In situ tissue engineering holds great promise in regenerative medicine owing to the utilization of the body's own regenerative capacity via recruiting host endogenous stem cells or tissue-specific progenitor cells to the site of injury. In this study, an injectable bioactive akermanite/alginate composite hydrogel was prepared for in situ tissue engineering using an akermanite bioceramic as a bioactive cross-linking component to provide bioactive ions such as Ca, Mg and Si. These bioactive ions on the one hand cross-link alginate to form injectable hydrogels in the presence of acidic amino acids and on the other hand function as bioactive stimuli to activate the wound healing process. The bioactive hydrogel exhibits specific activity in regulating cell behavior such as migration, proliferation and differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Most interestingly, using a chronic wound healing model, we demonstrated for the first time that the composite hydrogel significantly enhances the healing of chronic wounds by recruiting stem cells, stimulating cell proliferation, and enhancing blood vessel formation and re-epithelialization. Our results indicate that the injectable bioactive composite hydrogels act as in situ tissue engineering scaffolds to stimulate the regeneration of skin tissue, and utilizing the interaction between the bioactive bioceramics and biopolymers, in which bioceramics function as both cross-linking agents and bioactive factors, is a versatile strategy for designing multifunctional bioactive biomaterials for wound healing and tissue engineering applications.

Injectable bioactive akermanite/alginate composite hydrogels for in situ skin tissue engineering

In-doped SnO2 hollow spheres of submicron size were prepared with carbon ball substrate via the hydrothermal method and heat treatment process. The micromorphology and microstructure of the spheres were examined with XRD, SEM, EDS and TEM. And their absorption and diffuse reflection characteristics were also characterized. The prepared spheres were then introduced to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to form composite films with the spin coater. UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer and confined thermal insulation device were used to study the optical and solar-heat insulation properties of the film, respectively. The results show that In3+ doping increases the lattice constant, results in lattice distortion, generates oxygen vacancies and narrows the forbidden band, leading to significant increase in the diffuse reflectance of PVDF film in the visible and infrared regions. Moreover, In3+ doping has no negative effect on the high transmittance of SnO2, and the hollow structure of SnO2 is beneficial to the heat insulation of PVDF film. In addition, when the loading content of SnO2 spheres is in a range of 15–25 wt%, the thermal conductivity and heat insulation performance of the PVDF film show little change, possibly caused by local agglomeration. This study indicates that PVDF film containing In-doped SnO2 hollow spheres is a promising material for energy conservation. 

Preparation of In-doped SnO2 hollow spheres and the solar-heat insulation properties of polyvinylidene fluoride film containing prepared spheres

The invention relates to in-situ forming injectable bioactive composite hydrogel as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The composite hydrogel is formed by mixing sodium alga acid, amino acids and silicate bioceramics containing two or more than two multivalent cations serving as raw materials and performing in-situ forming, wherein the raw materials respectively comprise the following components by weight volume: 1.5-2% of sodium alga acid, 1-20% of silicate bioceramics and 0.25-2% of amino acids. According to the composite hydrogel disclosed by the invention, the inorganic component silicate bioceramics have the effect of promoting cell migration, bone formation, vascularization and other biological activities and can serve as a reinforced phase inside the hydrogel for improving the mechanical strength of the composite hydrogel, so that the composite hydrogel can provide a physical support and a good chemical environment for regeneration and reconstruction of tissues.

In-situ forming injectable bioactive composite hydrogel as well as preparation method and application thereof

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Multifunctional Hydrogels Prepared by Dual Ion Cross-Linking for Chronic Wound Healing

Injectable bioactive akermanite/alginate composite hydrogels for in situ skin tissue engineering

Preparation of In-doped SnO2 hollow spheres and the solar-heat insulation properties of polyvinylidene fluoride film containing prepared spheres

In-situ forming injectable bioactive composite hydrogel as well as preparation method and application thereof