The full-duplex optical communications can be achieved simply by separating the transmitting link and the receiving link in the space. However, it is challenging to achieve the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) full-duplex ultraviolet (UV) communication due to the serious self-interference caused by the strong multiple scattering effects of UV signals. To explore the capacity of NLOS full-duplex UV communications, in this paper, we first quantify the self-interference using an analytical channel impulse response function. Based on the quantified self-interference, we then derive the error rate and the corresponding achievable information rate (AIR) for on-off keying modulation, 4-digital-pulse-interval modulation and 4-pulse-position modulation. We further propose a self-interference cancelling (SIC) method to mitigate the impacts of self-interferences. Simulation results show that the proposed SIC method can significantly improve the error rate and AIR performances. Besides, we find that the NLOS full-duplex UV communication will gradually lose its advantage over the NLOS half-duplex UV communication as either the communication distance or the elevation angle increases. However, using the proposed SIC method, the NLOS full-duplex UV communication can hold its advantage in a wide range of system geometries. 

Non-Line-of-Sight Full-Duplex Ultraviolet Communications Under Self-Interference

In order to break through the inherent limitation of channel capacity, we employ a correlated multiple input multiple output (MIMO) framework over non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ultraviolet (UV) turbulent channels. Subsequently, a method of segmented correlation is proposed to define the spatial correlation of UV MIMO structures. Furthermore, the correlation and channel capacity are studied with varying elevation angle, turbulence intensity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and number of transceiver in pairs (NTPs). The results show that this correlated MIMO framework can obtain higher channel capacity by reducing the elevation angle of the transceivers or increasing turbulence intensity or NTPs. Moreover, channel capacity increases with the SNR. But at low SNR, a larger gain of channel capacity can be provided. Therefore, this paper develops the capacity of UV turbulent channels and provides a guide for optimal parameter configuration of correlated UV MIMO.

Spatially correlated MIMO for exploiting the capacity of NLOS ultraviolet turbulent channels.

We consider the transmitter incoming angle estimation for a communication node in an ad-hoc ultra-violet communication network. Such estimation belongs to neighborhood sensing, which can provide additional information before establishing the communication link. We adopt omni-directional Photomultiplier tube (PMT) array and propose to estimate the incoming angle based on the signal intensity on the PMTs. We adopt a standard curve on the ratio of signal intensities against the incoming angle, under certain reference transmission distance and transmitter elevation angle, based on which the incoming angles can be estimated for a wide range of transmission distances and elevation angles. We test the performance of the proposed approach, especially for the transmission distances and transmitter elevation angles other than those for the standard curves, to verify the robustness of the proposed approach, from both numerical and experimental perspectives. It can be observed that the estimation accuracy can be within 3 degrees under the reference distance and elevation angle, with the maximum of 7 degrees for other tested distances and elevation angles.

Omnidirectional Antenna Array-Based Transmitter Direction Sensing in Ultra-Violet Ad-Hoc Scattering Communication Networks

To meet high data rate requirements of future wireless communication systems, there is a need for advanced communication technologies that could be used in combination with existing wireless RF technologies. Recently, optical wireless communication (OWC) has been extensively investigated as an attractive alternate technology to RF. OWC uses the optical carrier to convey data, with wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) to visible light. In the past years, there is a spike in interest over optical scattering communications (OSCs) employing UV wavelengths, thanks to the recent advances and rapid developments in deep UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes, and solar-blind UV filters and detectors. The unique atmospheric scattering and absorption properties of the deep UV band, which is solar-blind at the ground level, are the motivation for the recent development of the OSC systems. However, there is a clear gap in the existing literature that the OSC systems are yet to be systematically surveyed for their applicability to future wireless communications. In this context, this paper bridges the gap by providing the first contemporary and comprehensive survey on recent and new advancements in the OSCs, commonly known as UV communications. In summary, this survey is expected to provide a largely missing articulation between various aspects of UV communications. To be easy to follow, we commence our discourse by surveying the propagation concepts and historic evolution of UV communication systems. Next, we provide a detailed survey on UV channel modeling because accurate channel characterization is important for efficient system design and performance optimization of UV communication systems. We discuss various UV channel characterization efforts thus far made. Then, we present a classification to analyze current OSC system designs. Importantly, we survey recent advancements in the NLOS UV communication systems that include the application of artificial intelligence, artificial neural networks, game theory, orbital angular momentum, etc. Moreover, we conduct a comprehensive survey on recently documented UV-based indoor communication systems. Finally, we point out several key issues yet to be addressed and collate potentially interesting and challenging topics for future research. This survey is aptly featured by in-depth discussion and analysis of UV communication systems in various aspects, many of which, to the best of authors’ knowledge, are the first time presented in this field.

A Comprehensive Survey on Optical Scattering Communications: Current Research, New Trends, and Future Vision

Secrecy performance of noncoplanar SIMOME NLOS ultraviolet communications over turbulence channels

An inclusive scattered propagation multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel model prototype is proposed for multiplexed non-line-of-sight ultraviolet (UV) optical transmission to fill up this theory blank. Two key difficulties concerning an MIMO UV channel model are resolved in this letter. In order to verify the feasibility of this channel model, 3-D narrow-band channel response is plotted by transmitter elevation angle and receiver spacing to give an intuitive insight into the symmetric channel structure and rank attribute. Spatial correlation is further defined geometrically and discussed compared with capacity behavior. Meanwhile, $2\times 2$ and $4\times 4$ cases are studied to investigate the impacts of practical parameters. Numerical results suggest that spatial correlation determines the capacity behavior and provide instructions for the realistic MIMO UV system design.

Scattered Propagation MIMO Channel Model for Non-Line-of-Sight Ultraviolet Optical Transmission

The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for constructing an LDPC code check matrix for ultraviolet light communication. The method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a first row of a check matrix in a size of m x n; setting i to be equal to 2, ..., m; according to the order of i from small to large, cyclically executing steps S2 - S3 to construct the ith row ofthe check matrix: S2, according to the constructed i-1th row, updating a column weight vector of the current check matrix corresponding to the i-1th row; S3, constructing the ith row of the check matrix according to the column weight vector of the current check matrix corresponding to the i-1th row. According to the method, by setting the minimum interval between the two adjacent 1 in each row ofthe LDPC code check matrix, the ISI influence of the ultraviolet light communication can be reduced, thereby reducing the bit error rate of the ultraviolet light communication; and by setting the maximum interval between two adjacent 1 in each row of the LDPC code check matrix, the check integrity of the LDPC code can be improved.

Method and device for constructing LDPC code check matrix for ultraviolet light communication

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Scattered Propagation MIMO Channel Model for Non-Line-of-Sight Ultraviolet Optical Transmission

Method and device for constructing LDPC code check matrix for ultraviolet light communication