In this paper, low-profile broadband planar folded transmitarray antennas (FTAs) are proposed and studied based on a novel Fabry–Perot polarizer. A novel element is proposed to carry out high-efficiency transmission, the phase compensation and the 90° polarization rotation at the same time. The element consists of two identical dielectric slabs, sandwiched by three metal layers, and has a thickness of only about $0.1\lambda $ . To verify this element, a transmitarray antenna is first designed and its highly efficient radiation performance is demonstrated by both simulations and the experiments. Low-profile FTAs are then designed and studied. The results show that the advantages of broad bandwidth, high gain, lower profile, planar geometry, and ease of integration can be achieved. The experiments of the FTA antenna demonstrate a 3 dB gain bandwidths of 18% and a peak gain of 25.2 dBi.

Broadband Folded Transmitarray Antenna Based on an Ultrathin Transmission Polarizer

In this paper, a fully electronically reconfigurable reflectarray antenna that has 14×14 reflecting elements and features a higher aperture efficiency was designed, fabricated, and tested. A new configuration of the reflecting element was first developed so that all the bias circuit and the PIN diode are arranged on the opposite side of the reflecting surface, avoiding the potential unexpected reflection and aiming at the improvement of the antenna efficiency. The new reflecting element, which has a smaller size (0.365λ), was then applied to the design of a 14 × 14 reconfigurable reflectarray antenna. A field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based beam control system was also developed for the realization of an electronically beamscanning performance. The measurements of the prototype of the integrated reconfigurable reflectarray antenna show good beam-scanning radiation performance, a peak gain of 19.2 dBi, and an aperture efficiency of about 25%.

/pdf/a-1-bit-electronically-reconfigurable-reflectarray-antenna-qshnwy8gv5.pdf

A 1-Bit Electronically Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antenna in X Band

This communication presents a simplified approach to design compact, wideband resonant-cavity antennas (RCAs) with partially reflecting surfaces (PRSs) made out of only a single dielectric material. Gain enhancement over a large bandwidth is obtained by using a high-permittivity dielectric PRS, which is flat at the bottom and has a stair-case profile on the top. The resulting RCA demonstrates a measured directivity-bandwidth product (DBP) of 5990 and a DBP per unit area of 1222. To the best of our knowledge, these figures are comparable to the figures for RCAs with transverse permittivity gradient PRSs, which require multiple dielectric materials. The measured radiation patterns of this RCA demonstrate low sidelobe levels (<−15 dB in the E-plane and −20 dB in the H-plane, with a peak directivity of 20.3 dBi), which are consistent across the half-power directivity bandwidth.

Compact High-Gain Antenna With Simple All-Dielectric Partially Reflecting Surface

A method for designing circularly polarized (CP) horn antenna is proposed, which is based on a standard pyramidal horn with a linear-to-circular polarization transformer. A compact transparent metasurface transformer is first designed to perform linear-to-circular polarization transformation, and then this is inserted in a linearly polarized standard pyramidal horn to create a CP horn. To validate the CP horn design, both simulations and experiments were conducted and good agreement was obtained. The CP performance achieved a 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 7.4%, a maximum gain reduction of 1.1 dB without altering the horn's original size for a light increase in weight and at a small cost increase.

Circularly Polarized Horns Based on Standard Horns and a Metasurface Polarizer

This paper introduces a wideband millimeter-wave Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) antenna with switched-beam radiations for 5G applications. A quasi-curve reflector is used to excite multiresonant modes in FPC. This method contributes to a wide operating bandwidth and a high antenna gain. The proposed FPC antenna consists of an SIW-based feeding source, a substrate-integrated quasi-curve reflector, and a partially reflective surface (PRS). For validation, a prototype of the FPC antenna is designed and fabricated with an impedance bandwidth of 24%. The antenna yields a measured gain of 17.6 dBi and a measured directivity of 18.8 dB at 60 GHz. The overall efficiency and aperture efficiency are 76% and 31%, respectively. In addition, a switched-beam antenna based on our proposed PFC antenna is designed and measured. It achieves three switched beams at −18°, 0°, and 18° related to the broadside direction with a realized gain of 16 dBi at 60 GHz. Compared with the other switched-beam FPC antennas, the proposed antenna acquires the characteristics of wideband, high gain, and large beam tilted angle. This antenna technology finds a potential application in millimeter-wave communications such as 5G applications.

Wideband and High-Gain Fabry–Pérot Cavity Antenna With Switched Beams for Millimeter-Wave Applications

A compact wideband high-gain antenna is proposed and developed by using various performance enhancement structures. First, a Fabry–Perot resonator antenna (FPRA) is investigated with a single truncated superstrate that achieves increased reflection phase, low profile, compact size, and wide bandwidth. A conical horn is then incorporated with the FPRA to enhance its gain without compromising other performances such as input impedance matching and gain bandwidth. Both simulations and experiments were carried out to validate the designs, and good agreements are obtained. A final antenna with a peak gain of 19.1 dBi and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of more than 26% is developed.

A High-Gain Wideband Low-Profile Fabry–Perot Resonator Antenna With a Conical Short Horn

This paper presents several reflectarray and transmitarray antennas based on the quarter-wave Fresnel zone principle. Wide bandwidth, high gain, low profile and low cost are common advantages of them. Dual-dipole and conducting strip elements were proposed to provide the required correcting reflection phases and transmission phases respectively. Standard gain horns and slot-coupled patch antennas were used as the feeding sources alternately. Simulations and experiments were conducted to demonstrate the wideband high-gain performance of these designs.

Designs of flat reflectarray and transmitarray antennas using the Fresnel zone principle

A novel reflectarray with two double-layer dipole arrays is presented. With a linearly-polarized feeder, the proposed reflectarray transforms the linearly-polarized incident wave into circularly-polarized one. A 20 × 20 element reflectarray operating at 24 GHz is designed and the simulated results show that a 1-dB gain bandwidth of 8.14% and a 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 6.13% can be achieved, with a peak gain of 26.8 dBi. The proposed reflectarray can be applied to applications with single, dual and circular polarizations.

Design of a novel circularly polarized reflectarray with a linearly polarized feeder

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with dual band-notched characteristics is proposed. A shorting conductor is attached to one side of the DRA, to reduce more than half the volume of the antenna. An inverted novel shaped strip is designed to print near the feed probe side, to achieve the dual band-notched characteristics. According to the simulation results, the antenna offers a VSWR<2 bandwidth of 2.9 GHz–11.0 GHz, with the dual notched bands of 5.15 GHz–5.825 GHz (WLAN) and 8.025 GHz–8.40 GHz (ITU), indicating that the antenna is a good candidate for various UWB applications.

A novel UWB dielectric resonator antenna with dual notched bands

This paper presents a novel broadband thin lens antenna applied to circularly-polarized applications. The lens is composed of four identical novel conducting surfaces sandwiching three identical dielectric layers. The novel design is able to generate transmission phases of over 300° in two orthogonal directions separately, which can be applied to design lens antennas for applications of single, dual and circular polarizations. In addition, the design also includes advantages of a compact size, ease of fabricating and mounting, and a low cost. The numerical results demonstrate broad bandwidths of the 3-dB axial ratio and 1-dB gain, together with stable far-field radiation patterns.

Design of a broadband circularly-polarized lens antenna with a linearly polarized feeder

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