Ionic liquids are remarkable chemical compounds, which find applications in many areas of modern science. Because of their highly tunable nature and exceptional properties, ionic liquids have become essential players in the fields of synthesis and catalysis, extraction, electrochemistry, analytics, biotechnology, etc. Apart from physical and chemical features of ionic liquids, their high biological activity has been attracting significant attention from biochemists, ecologists, and medical scientists. This Review is dedicated to biological activities of ionic liquids, with a special emphasis on their potential employment in pharmaceutics and medicine. The accumulated data on the biological activity of ionic liquids, including their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, are discussed in view of possible applications in drug synthesis and drug delivery systems. Dedicated attention is given to a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquid (API-IL) concept, which suggests using traditional drugs in ...

Biological Activity of Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Pharmaceutics and Medicine.

Solubility, bioavailability, permeation, polymorphism, and stability concerns associated to solid-state pharmaceuticals demand for effective solutions. To overcome some of these drawbacks, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated as solvents, reagents, and anti-solvents in the synthesis and crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), as solvents, co-solvents and emulsifiers in drug formulations, as pharmaceuticals (API-ILs) aiming liquid therapeutics, and in the development and/or improvement of drug-delivery-based systems. The present review focuses on the use of ILs in the pharmaceutical field, covering their multiple applications from pharmaceutical synthesis to drug delivery. The most relevant research conducted up to date is presented and discussed, together with a critical analysis of the most significant IL-based strategies in order to improve the performance of therapeutics and drug delivery systems.

/pdf/the-role-of-ionic-liquids-in-the-pharmaceutical-field-an-51em4sha0w.pdf

The role of ionic liquids in the pharmaceutical field: an overview of relevant applications

A simple highly versatile and efficient synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles is achieved by three component cyclocondensation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes and NH4OAc, as ammonia source using clays, zeolite, nano-crystalline sulfated zirconia (SZ) as catalyst in ethanol at moderate temperature Moreover, the utility of this protocol was further explored conveniently for the one-pot, four component synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles in high yields, short reaction times and milder conditions, easy work-up and purification of products by non-chromatographic methods The catalysts can be recovered for the subsequent reactions and reused without any appreciable loss of their efficiency

An efficient and one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles catalyzed via solid acid nano-catalyst

Heterocyclic motif is an important scaffoldwhich has both industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Thesemotifs can be prepared using wide variety of reaction conditions such as the use of expensive catalyst, toxic solvent, harsh reaction condition like the use of base, high temperature, and multistep reaction. Although variousmethods are involved, the chemistry arena is now shifted towards the greener way of synthesis. Nanocatalyst constitutes an important role in the green synthesis. This is because the activity of the catalyst resides in the exposed portion of the particles. By decreasing the size of the catalyst, advantages such as more surface area would be exposed to the reactant, only negligible amount would be required to give the significant result and selectivity could be achieved, thereby, eliminating the undesired products. The current review enlists the various types of nanocatalyst involved in the heterocyclic ring formation and also some other important functionalization over the ring.

/pdf/function-of-nanocatalyst-in-chemistry-of-organic-compounds-3crblimfu5.pdf

Function of nanocatalyst in chemistry of organic compounds revolution: an overview

The pharmaceutical industries are undoubtedly experiencing a series of challenges. One of these is the administration of solid form of many drugs due to many well known drawbacks including low solubility, polymorphic conversion and low bioavailability. Such problems are further aggravated when drug molecules or starting materials for synthesis of drugs are insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous media and most of pharmaceutical acceptable organic solvents. To overcome these problems, some times, highly polar organic solvents including pyridine, dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) which are not considered as environmental benign solvents have been used. These restrictions demand superior solvent systems and/or new drug forms that can be used as reaction media to avoid volatile organic solvents and/or as new forms of drugs. Much effort is being invested in such approaches to find new delivery technologies or development of new controlled-release dosage forms. In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) that are salts of low melting point and consist only of ions have been increasingly exploited as solvents and/or (co)solvents and/or reagents in a wide range of pharmaceutical applications due to their tailor-made chemical, physical and biological properties. Studies have shown that ionic liquid-assisted drug carrier or active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) synthesized as IL form or many drug compounds produced using ILs as reaction media provide many unique and attractive properties compared to conventional counterparts. Furthermore, ILs could be employed as potential antimicrobial agents for various microorganisms. The aim of this article is to summarize the efforts placed on using ionic liquids in pharmaceutical applications.

Ionic Liquids: Future Solvents and Reagents for Pharmaceuticals

Ionic liquid [EMIM]OAc under ultrasonic irradiation towards the first synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles

Ionic liquid under ultrasonic irradiation towards a facile synthesis of pyrazolone derivatives

Ultrasound-Promoted One-Pot Synthesis of 7-Aryl-7,10,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo[c]acridin-8(9H)-one Derivatives

A new class of pyrazolone derivatives has been isolated in good to excellent yields from the 2:1 condensation reaction between 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone and arylaldehydes in the presence of ionic liquid [HMIM]HSO4. The compounds were characterised by their IR, NMR spectra, MS and elemental analyses. The important features of the methodology are a wide application range of substrates, higher yields and shorter reaction time.

An Efficient One‐pot Synthesis of Pyrazolone Derivatives Promoted by Acidic Ionic Liquid

In the title compound, C23H25NO5, the pyran ring adopts a flattened boat conformation, while the two cyclo­hexenone rings are in envelope conformations. The 3-nitro­phenyl ring is almost perpendicular to the pyran ring, making a dihedral angle of 87.1 (3)°.

https://journals.iucr.org/e/issues/2010/08/00/jh2186/jh2186.pdf

3,3,6,6-Tetra-methyl-9-(2-nitro-phen-yl)-3,4,6,7-tetra-hydro-2H-xanthene-1,8(5H,9H)-dione.

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