The use of fluorescent probes to detect bioactive substrates provides an attractive strategy for understanding physiological and pathological processes. Among them, many fluorescent probes have been used to detect one or more targets using a cascade reaction strategy. These involved cascade reactions often lead to different cascades mechanism due to different detection substances. Moreover, the use of different cascade reactions gives the probe many benefits including: accurate detection of life processes, detection of multiple substances, and differentiation of different substances and etc. Therefore, in this review, we summarize design strategies for probes based on cascade reaction and classify these probes according to different targets. We hope that the summary of these probes based on cascade reaction will help to develop more excellent fluorescent probes and expand the application of probes in the biomedical field. 

Organic small molecule fluorescent probes based cascade reaction: Design strategies, biomedical applications and prospects

Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are pivotal organelles that maintain cellular homeostasis; their dysfunction initiates pathological cascades associated with both fibrosis and oncogenesis. Bleomycin (BLM), a widely utilized anticancer drug, inhibits tumor growth by inducing DNA damage. However, its clinical application is constrained by severe pulmonary toxicity. Here, we develop a novel fluorescent probe, BDSTI. In contrast to existing probes that target a single organelle, BDSTI allows for efficient colocalization of mitochondria and ER, facilitating the synchronous observation of their interactions. It also exhibits the capability to detect intracellular polarity and viscosity dynamics induced by BLM concentration gradients. BLM disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). High-resolution imaging further confirms its role in inducing mitochondrial morphological abnormalities. Notably, BDSTI enables the visualization of BLM-induced lung injury through in vivo and ex vivo imaging of pulmonary fibrosis models in tumor-bearing mice. Notably, BDSTI enables visualization of BLM-induced lung injury through in vivo and ex vivo imaging of pulmonary fibrosis models in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, this probe serves as a functional tool to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of various ER stress inhibitors in mitigating BLM-mediated pulmonary damage.

Dual-Targeting Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Simultaneous Mitochondrial Injury Assessment and Fibrosis Monitoring in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a type of chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial pneumonia and has a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective treatments. Despite extensive investigations into its molecular and cellular mechanisms, the regulatory mechanism involved remains incompletely understood. Triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, has emerged as a key research focus in oncogenesis due to its multifaceted roles in malignant progression. However, its role in IPF has not yet been reported. Here, we report that TPI1 expression was elevated in IPF tissues and in mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. TPI1 knockdown attenuated IPF progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11)-mediated deacetylation of TPI1 K69 was enhanced by transforming growth factor-beta1. Deacetylation of TPI1 K69 enhanced its protein stability by attenuating K48-linked polyubiquitination, which enhanced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration. Notably, we designed and tested the activity of a novel cell-penetrating peptide that increased the acetylation of TPI1 and markedly promoted TPI1 degradation, thereby effectively reducing fibrosis. Together, our findings revealed that targeting TPI1 acetylation is an effective strategy for IPF therapy, and the specific cell-penetrating peptide could prevent IPF by promoting the acetylation of TPI1. 

HDAC11-Mediated Deacetylation of Triosephosphate Isomerase 1 Promotes Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common and serious pulmonary fibrosis disease, the pathogenesis of IPF is closely related to a variety of biological small molecules and proteins, Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in inhibiting apoptosis and promoting pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we propose Cy-HDAC, (a HDACs fluorescent probe), which is selective and sensitive to HDACs and can be used to detect real-time fluctuations in HDACs activity in cells and mouse models. Our results suggest that HDAC inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) treatment in the model group of pulmonary fibrosis leads to enhanced acetylation of histone H3, which allows increased transcription of some apoptosis-related proteins, promoting the activation of apoptotic protein Bak and mitochondria intrinsic apoptotic pathways, while the reduction of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL promotes fibroblast apoptosis. In the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model, we found that pulmonary fibrosis severity was reduced in the SAHA-treated group, and SAHA combined with pirfenidone was superior to pirfenidone alone. Therefore, HDACs levels in IPF may provide a new detection possibility for IPF diagnosis, and HDACs may provide a novel alternative for the treatment of IPF. 

A near-infrared fluorescent probe was used to evaluate the role of histone deacetylase in pulmonary fibrosis cells and mice

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of {limit} columns in the table. Remove at least 1 column to add or create another one.

Yinghui Wei

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

A near-infrared fluorescent probe was used to evaluate the role of histone deacetylase in pulmonary fibrosis cells and mice