다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

The lithium metal battery is strongly considered to be one of the most promising candidates for high-energy-density energy storage devices in our modern and technology-based society. However, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth induces poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns, dragging lithium metal batteries out of practical applications. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth. First, the working principles and technical challenges of a lithium metal anode are underscored. Specific attention is paid to the mechanistic understandings and quantitative models for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, lithium dendrite nucleation, and growth. On the basis of previous theoretical understanding and analysis, recently proposed strategies to suppress dendrite growth of lithium metal anode and some other metal anodes are reviewed. A section dedicated to the potential of full-cell lithium metal batteries for practical applicatio...

Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review.

State-of-the-art lithium (Li)-ion batteries are approaching their specific energy limits yet are challenged by the ever-increasing demand of today’s energy storage and power applications, especially for electric vehicles. Li metal is considered an ultimate anode material for future high-energy rechargeable batteries when combined with existing or emerging high-capacity cathode materials. However, much current research focuses on the battery materials level, and there have been very few accounts of cell design principles. Here we discuss crucial conditions needed to achieve a specific energy higher than 350 Wh kg−1, up to 500 Wh kg−1, for rechargeable Li metal batteries using high-nickel-content lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides as cathode materials. We also provide an analysis of key factors such as cathode loading, electrolyte amount and Li foil thickness that impact the cell-level cycle life. Furthermore, we identify several important strategies to reduce electrolyte-Li reaction, protect Li surfaces and stabilize anode architectures for long-cycling high-specific-energy cells. Jun Liu and Battery500 Consortium colleagues contemplate the way forward towards high-energy and long-cycling practical batteries.

/pdf/pathways-for-practical-high-energy-long-cycling-lithium-25ewzgmv35.pdf

Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of adsorption isotherm models: A review.

Current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) use graphite carbons as the anode materials, which suffer severa l drawbacks including limited specific capacity (~372 mAh g), high irreversible capacity, short cycling life, and low safety. Therefore, new anode materials for LIBs wi th high capacity, long cycling lifet and high safety a re urgently required. Recently, it has been demonstrat ed that naturally abundant, low cost, non-toxic magnetite ( F 3O4) shows high performance as the anode of LIBs because  Fe3O4 has a high theoretical capacity of 924 mAh g , high electronic conductivity of 2×10 4 S m. However, a large volume change usually occurs during the charg edischarge process of Fe 3O4, which leads to particle pulverization and electrode destruction . In this work, we reported an approach to prepare a novel highly porous Fe 3O4-Fe composite nanowire anode using a facile process by electrodeposition o f Fe on conducive substrate, followed by in-siut chemical r eaction with oxalic acid to form FeC 2O4-Fe composite nanowires and final thermal conversion to Fe 3O4-Fe nanowire arrays. The obtained electrode has a unique hierarchical structure. The Fe 3O4-Fe nanowires are highly porous with diameters less than around 50nm in diameter This no vel architecture makes the electrode having a large con ta t area with electrolyte, short diffusion path for lit hium ion transportation, low electron transfer resistance fr om current collector to active material, and superior buffering ability for the volume changes during charge and discharge processes. The electrode displayed excell nt high rate performance and cycling stability. The reversible capacity of the electrode is as high as 1012 mAh g at 1 C (Fig. 1) and retained to be 500 and 100 mAh g at 10 and 50 C, respectively. The capacity loss is  less than 6.4 after 100 cycles at the rate of 1C. T he magnificent performance can be attributed to the di stinct configuration resulting from the novel fabrication process. In conclusion, we demonstrated in this work that a highly-porous nanowires of Fe 3O4-Fe composite can be prepared via facile method, the composite exhibits promising performance as the anode materials of LIB s due to its high capacity, excellent high rate capab ility and superior cycling stability. Fig. 1 Charge-discharge curves of the Fe 3O4-Fe nanocomposite electrode at 1C

http://ma.ecsdl.org/content/MA2014-03/2/138.full.pdf

Porous Fe 3 O 4 -Fe Nano-Composite for the Anode of Lithium-Ion Batteries

An organic dimer with TADF-type electroexcitation afterglow

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin (P. brassicae) has seriously influenced the production of Brassica rapa crops, but the interaction mechanism between P. brassicae and Brassica rapa is not clear. In our previous study, a differentially expressed protein, G15, was found between the roots of Chinese cabbage inoculated and un-inoculated with P. brassicae through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry, and G15 was matched with Bra011464. In this study, Bra011464 was found to have a 94% percent identity with Arabidopsis thaliana CAP, named BrCAP. The expression of BrCAP was the highest in the root compared with the stems and leaves of Chinese cabbage, and its expression in the roots of Chinese cabbage inoculated with P. brassicae was significantly higher than that in the control. The results were verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization. Subcellular localization showed that BrCAP was localized on chloroplasts of leaf epidermal cells. To verify the function of BrCAP, it was found that the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant cap was more susceptible to infection with P. brassicae than the wild type (WT), which suggested that BrCAP has a potential role in the resistance progress of Chinese cabbage to P. brassicae.

/pdf/chinese-cabbage-brcap-has-potential-resistance-against-1q8b3ks4.pdf

Chinese Cabbage BrCAP Has Potential Resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae

Sugar beet rinse water (SBRW) irrigation is a widely used practice in the northeast of China that reduces the amount of fresh water needed for agricultural irrigation. In addition, soil enzyme activities are important indicators of soil functions such as nutrient cycling and soil fertility. The effects of SBRW irrigation on five types of soil enzymatic activities including invertase, urease, neutral phosphatase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase were examined at five depths (0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm) of soil. The pre-irrigation and well water (WW) irrigation plots served as background values and control, respectively. The results showed that SBRW irrigation exerted no negative effects on soil enzymatic activities during 2009–2011 experimental period. Invertase, urease, and neutral phosphatase activities significantly increased in soil irrigated with SBRW compared to that of pre-irrigation and that irrigated with WW. Evidence indicates that SBRW irrigation might strengthen the transf...

The effects of sugar beet rinse water irrigation on the soil enzyme activities

Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)parthenocarpy can overcome the problem of low temperature,increase production,reduce production cost and improve fruit quality in anti-season cultivation.This paper mainly expounded the research progress on eggplant parthenocarpy from characteristic identification,physiology basis,genetic mechanism and biological studies.It also pointed out the existing problems and research direction in the future.

Research Progress on Eggplant Parthenocarpy

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