Due to their unique optical properties, narrow size distributions, and good biological affinity, gold nanoparticles have been widely applied in sensing analysis, catalytic, environmental monitoring, and disease therapy. The color of a gold nanoparticle solution and its maximum characteristic absorption wavelength will change with the particle size and inter-particle spacing. These properties are often used in the detection of hazardous chemicals, such as pesticide residues, heavy metals, banned additives, and biotoxins, in food. Because the gold nanoparticles-colorimetric sensing strategy is simple, quick, and sensitive, this method has extensive applications in real-time on-site monitoring and rapid testing of food quality and safety. Herein, we review the preparation methods, functional modification, photochemical properties, and applications of gold nanoparticle sensors in rapid testing. In addition, we elaborate on the colorimetric sensing mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of colorimetric sensors based on gold nanoparticles, and directions for future development.

Application of Gold-Nanoparticle Colorimetric Sensing to Rapid Food Safety Screening.

Recent developments in the synthesis and applications of graphene-family materials functionalized with cyclodextrins

A succinct review of refined chemical sensor systems based on conducting polymer-cyclodextrin hybrids

A multifunctional palygorskite/polyaniline/Ag nanoparticles (PAL/PANI/AgNPs) nanocomposite was prepared at room temperature using a simple one-pot in-situ polymerization reaction of aniline monomers triggered by Ag(I) on the surface of natural PAL nanorods. Ag(I) served as both the oxidant and the precursor of the AgNPs, which initiated the polymerization of aniline monomers on PAL nanorods while simultaneously being reduced to form Ag(0) nanoparticles (AgNPs). The in-situ formed AgNPs were evenly distributed on the surface of the PAL nanorods because the interfacial effect of PAL prevents their aggregation. The density and size of the AgNPs and the catalytic activity of the nanocomposites could be controlled by altering the molar ratio of aniline to Ag(I). The performance evaluation revealed that the nanocomposites could be used as highly active catalysts, which rapidly catalyzed the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) within 2min and Congo red (CR) within 10min. The nanocomposites are also an effective adsorbent for H2PO4(-) able to remove 99.40% of H2PO4(-) (only 61.77% for raw PAL) from a solution with an initial concentration of 50mg/L. This multifunctional nanocomposite synthesized by a simple one-pot approach is a promising material for environmental applications.

Ag(I)-triggered one-pot synthesis of Ag nanoparticles onto natural nanorods as a multifunctional nanocomposite for efficient catalysis and adsorption

Research in green chemistry has recently focussed on designing reactions in water as a safe solvent, calling for catalysts that operate in aqueous solutions. In particular, supramolecular metal nanoparticles have been synthesized by associating macrocyclic compounds with transition metal nanoparticles, to produce water-dispersible catalytic systems of high performance and molecular recognition ability. Here we review methods for stabilizing catalytically active metal nanoparticles in cyclodextrin-based systems. Indeed, cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with molecules of appropriate size and shape, and the presence of hydroxyl groups enables coordination with metal ions. Representative examples show increasing stability, recyclability and catalytic activity. We present 1) the synthesis, characterization and catalytic behaviors with focus on the development of metal nanoparticles in solvent-dispersed form or immobilized onto supports in the presence of cyclodextrins or their derivatives; 2) the multi-functional role of cyclodextrins capable of acting as reducing agents, stabilizing/dispersing agents or mass transfer promoters; and 3) the design of more sophisticated catalytic systems, in which the cyclodextrin is a supramolecular host with dynamic equilibrium.

Cyclodextrins as multitask agents for metal nano-heterogeneous catalysis: a review

β-Cyclodextrin polymer as a linker to fabricate ternary nanocomposites AuNPs/pATP-β-CDP/rGO and their electrochemical application

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β-Cyclodextrin polymer as a linker to fabricate ternary nanocomposites AuNPs/pATP-β-CDP/rGO and their electrochemical application