Human red blood cells (RBCs) are approximately 8 μm in diameter, but must repeatedly deform through capillaries as small as 2 μm in order to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The loss of this capability is associated with the pathology of many diseases, and is therefore a potential biomarker for disease status and treatment efficacy. Measuring RBC deformability is a difficult problem because of the minute forces (∼pN) that must be exerted on these cells, as well as the requirements for throughput and multiplexing. The development of technologies for measuring RBC deformability date back to the 1960s with the development of micropipette aspiration, ektacytometry, and the cell transit analyzer. In the past 10 years, significant progress has been made using microfluidics by leveraging the ability to precisely control fluid flow through microstructures at the size scale of individual RBCs. These technologies have now surpassed traditional methods in terms of sensitivity, throughput, consistency, and ease of use. As a result, these efforts are beginning to move beyond feasibility studies and into applications to enable biomedical discoveries. In this review, we provide an overview of both traditional and microfluidic techniques for measuring RBC deformability. We discuss the capabilities of each technique and compare their sensitivity, throughput, and robustness in measuring bulk and single-cell RBC deformability. Finally, we discuss how these tools could be used to measure changes in RBC deformability in the context of various applications including pathologies caused by malaria and hemoglobinopathies, as well as degradation during storage in blood bags prior to blood transfusions.

Technologies for measuring red blood cell deformability.

The work investigates neural network model for prediction of post-surgical treatment risks. The descriptors of the risk classifiers are formed on the basis of the analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of one, two and three biologically active points. The training and verification samples were formed by examining 120 patients with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Of these, 62 patients were successfully operated on (class C1), 30 had various complications after surgery (class C2), 28 patients required additional treatment (class C3). The constructed classifiers showed a high quality of predicting critical conditions during surgical treatment.

Application of fuzzy neural network model and current-voltage analysis of biologically active points for prediction post-surgery risks.

Application of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Finite Element Analysis: A Comprehensive Review

Background: “Artificial intelligence” and “big data” increasingly take the step from just being interesting concepts to being relevant or even part of our lives. This general statement holds also true for transfusion medicine. Besides all advancements in transfusion medicine, there is not yet an established red blood cell quality measure, which is generally applied. Summary: We highlight the usefulness of big data in transfusion medicine. Furthermore, we emphasize in the example of quality control of red blood cell units the application of artificial intelligence. Key Messages: A variety of concepts making use of big data and artificial intelligence are readily available but still await to be implemented into any clinical routine. For the quality control of red blood cell units, clinical validation is still required.

Big Data in Transfusion Medicine and Artificial Intelligence Analysis for Red Blood Cell Quality Control

The effects of ultrasonic treatment on the flotation behavior of magnesite and dolomite in a sodium oleate system were investigated, and ultrasonic flotation separation tests of magnesite and dolomite mixed ore were conducted. The mechanism through which ultrasonic treatment enhanced the flotation separation of magnesite and dolomite was analyzed via zeta potential analysis, adsorption capacity measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The test results revealed that ultrasonic treatment enhanced the flotation recovery of magnesite and dolomite. Simultaneous ultrasonic treatment and flotation improved the flotation separation efficiency of magnesite and dolomite, with the flotation recovery of magnesite concentrate reaching 91.06%. Moreover, ultrasonic treatment increased the adsorption sites on the mineral surface, facilitating easier binding of the reagent to the mineral. Ultrasonic treatment also weakened the interaction between magnesite and dolomite. 

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the flotation behavior of magnesite and dolomite in a sodium oleate system

In order to have research on the deformation characteristics and mechanical properties of human red blood cells (RBCs), finite element models of RBC optical tweezers stretching and atomic force mic...

Numerical simulation of deformed red blood cell by utilizing neural network approach and finite element analysis.

In order to effectively eliminate the effect of fine carbonate minerals on quartz flotation, the influence of fine siderite on quartz flotation was studied as well as the mechanism or role of ultrasonic treatment in the process. The results of adsorption capacity measurement and flotation solution chemical calculation show that fine siderite and its dissolved components have a great influence on the collector consumption and the surface properties of quartz. In addition, SEM, EDS and XPS analysis were used to study the surface morphology and chemical environment changes of quartz with and without ultrasonic treatment. The results of flotation test show that the recovery of quartz increase from 38.79% to 58.38% under the condition that ultrasonic time was 0.5 min and ultrasonic power was 200 W. The mechanical effect caused by ultrasonic cavitation can clean the quartz surface to a certain extent and increase its active sites, thus improving the floatability of quartz.

/pdf/mechanism-of-ultrasonic-cavitation-to-improve-the-effect-of-5h2clpqx.pdf

Mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation to improve the effect of siderite on quartz flotation

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Numerical simulation of deformed red blood cell by utilizing neural network approach and finite element analysis.

Mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation to improve the effect of siderite on quartz flotation