MYB Transcription Factors as Regulators of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Plants

Diverse roles of jasmonates and ethylene in abiotic stress tolerance.

Water scarcity is one of the major causes of poor plant performance and limited crop yields worldwide and it is the single most common cause of severe food shortage in developing countries. Several molecular networks involved in stress perception, signal transduction and stress responses in plants have been elucidated so far. Transcription factors are major players in water stress signaling. In recent years, different MYB transcription factors, mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. but also in some crops, have been characterized for their involvement in drought response. For some of them there is evidence supporting a specific role in response to water stress, such as the regulation of stomatal movement, the control of suberin and cuticular waxes synthesis and the regulation of flower development. Moreover, some of these genes have also been characterized for their involvement in other abiotic or biotic stresses, an important feature considering that in nature, plants are often simultaneously subjected to multiple rather than single environmental perturbations. This review summarizes recent studies highlighting the role of the MYB family of transcription factors in the adaptive responses to drought stress. The practical application value of MYBs in crop improvement, such as stress tolerance engineering, is also discussed.

Plant MYB Transcription Factors: Their Role in Drought Response Mechanisms.

Agricultural production and quality are adversely affected by various abiotic stresses worldwide and this will be exacerbated by the deterioration of global climate. To feed a growing world population, it is very urgent to breed stress-tolerant crops with higher yields and improved qualities against multiple environmental stresses. Since conventional breeding approaches had marginal success due to the complexity of stress tolerance traits, the transgenic approach is now being popularly used to breed stress-tolerant crops. So identifying and characterizing the critical genes involved in plant stress responses is an essential prerequisite for engineering stress-tolerant crops. Far beyond the manipulation of single functional gene, engineering certain regulatory genes has emerged as an effective strategy now for controlling the expression of many stress-responsive genes. Transcription factors (TFs) are good candidates for genetic engineering to breed stress-tolerant crop because of their role as master regulators of many stress-responsive genes. Many TFs belonging to families AP2/EREBP, MYB, WRKY, NAC, bZIP have been found to be involved in various abiotic stresses and some TF genes have also been engineered to improve stress tolerance in model and crop plants. In this review, we take five large families of TFs as examples and review the recent progress of TFs involved in plant abiotic stress responses and their potential utilization to improve multiple stress tolerance of crops in the field conditions.

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Recent Advances in Utilizing Transcription Factors to Improve Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance by Transgenic Technology

Jasmonic acid (JA) is an endogenous growth-regulating substance, initially identified as a stress-related hormone in higher plants. Similarly, the exogenous application of JA also has a regulatory effect on plants. Abiotic stress often causes large-scale plant damage. In this review, we focus on the JA signaling pathways in response to abiotic stresses, including cold, drought, salinity, heavy metals, and light. On the other hand, JA does not play an independent regulatory role, but works in a complex signal network with other phytohormone signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss transcription factors and genes involved in the regulation of the JA signaling pathway in response to abiotic stress. In this process, the JAZ-MYC module plays a central role in the JA signaling pathway through integration of regulatory transcription factors and related genes. Simultaneously, JA has synergistic and antagonistic effects with abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), and other plant hormones in the process of resisting environmental stress.

Functions of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Regulation and Response to Abiotic Stress

A R2R3-MYB transcription factor, GmMYB12B2, affects the expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis genes encoding key enzymes in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.

MYB genes are extensively distributed in higher plants and constitute one of the largest transcription factors (TFs) families. These TFs have been proved to be implicated in the regulation of plant growth, development, metabolism, and multiple abiotic stress responses. In the present study, a new soybean MYB gene, denoted GmMYBJ2, was isolated and its function was characterized. The GmMYBJ2 cDNA is 1428 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 960 bp encoding 319 amino acids. Sequence and yeast one-hybrid analyses showed GmMYBJ2 contains two MYB domains and belongs to R2R3-MYB protein with transactivation activity. Transient expression analysis using the GmMYBJ2-GFP fusion gene in onion epidermal cells showed GmMYBJ2 protein is targeted to the nucleus. GmMYBJ2 was induced by drought, cold, salt, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Arabidopsis overexpressing GmMYBJ2 exhibited a higher seed germination rates (GRs), a notable increase in the soluble sugar content under water-deficit stress, and a lower water loss rate (WLR) when water is sufficient. These results indicated the overexpression of GmMYBJ2 make transgenic Arabidopsis more tolerant to drought stress than wild-type (WT) plants, and GmMYBJ2 may be useful for improving drought stress tolerance in transgenic plant breeding.

The soybean gene, GmMYBJ2, encodes a R2R3-type transcription factor involved in drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

The invention discloses a soybean MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) transcription factor as well as a coding gene and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of the gene engineering. The MYB provided by the invention has the name of GmMYB12B2, and the amino acid residue sequence of the MYB is disclosed by SEQ ID No.2; and the nucleotide sequence of the coding gene of the soybean MYB transcription factor is disclosed by SEQ ID No.1. The gene disclosed by the invention has an important meaning on the flavonoid metabolism of improved plants, and especially has an important meaning on culturing high-isoflavone soybean varieties.

Soybean MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) transcription factor as well as coding gene and application thereof

Analysis of oil synthesis pathway in Cyperus esculentus tubers and identification of oleosin and caleosin genes.

The invention relates to a specific promoter of soybean seeds, which belongs to the sequence and use of a soybean aspartic protease gene promoter. The nucleotide sequence of the promoter is represented by the sequence No.1. The preparation method of the promoter comprises the following steps of: cloning the upstream distal sequence of gene soyAP1, analyzing the upstream sequence of the ATG of the gene soyAP1 and determining the deleted fragments SAP1, SAP2, soyAP1-p and SAP4; and amplifying the soyAP1-p fragment, linking the amplified fragment of the soyAP1-p with a cloning vector pMD 18-T, performing identification, measuring the sequence, and verifying the sequence. In the invention, the soyAP1-p promoter of soybean is cloned and expressed in the soybean seeds specifically, and the promoter obtained can be used as a favorable tool in researches on soybean transgenosis and particularly creates conditions for researching and developing soybean seed bioreactors.

Specific promoter of soybean seeds and use thereof

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