With a large international sample (n = 8317), the present study examined which beliefs and attitudes about COVID-19 predict 1) following government recommendations, 2) taking health precautions (including mask wearing, social distancing, handwashing, and staying at home), and 3) encouraging others to take health precautions The results demonstrate the importance of believing that taking health precautions will be effective for avoiding COVID-19 and generally prioritizing one’s health These beliefs continued to be important predictors of health behaviors after controlling for demographic and personality variables In contrast, we found that perceiving oneself as vulnerable to COVID-19, the perceived severity of catching COVID-19, and trust in government were of relatively little importance We also found that women were somewhat more likely to engage in these health behaviors than men, but that age was generally unrelated to voluntary compliance behaviors These findings may suggest avenues and dead ends for behavioral interventions during COVID-19 and beyond Highlights •Examines which beliefs and attitudes about COVID-19 predict 1) following government recommendations, 2) taking health precautions (including mask wearing, social distancing, handwashing, and staying at home), and 3) encouraging others to take health precautions•Uses a large international sample (n = 8317) to demonstrate the importance of believing that taking health precautions will be effective for avoiding COVID-19 and generally prioritizing one’s health•Finds that perceiving oneself as vulnerable to COVID-19, the perceived severity of catching COVID-19, and trust in government were of relatively little importance•Finds that women were somewhat more likely to engage in these health behaviors than men, but that age was generally unrelated to voluntary compliance behaviors

Predictors of COVID-19 voluntary compliance behaviors: An international investigation

Turning cold tumors hot: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications.

Disease screening instruments used for secondary prevention can facilitate early determination and treatment of pathogenic factors, effectively reducing disease incidence, mortality rates, and health complications. Therefore, people should be encouraged to receive health examinations for discovering potential pathogenic factors before symptoms occur. Here, we used the health belief model as a foundation and integrated social psychological factors and investigated the factors influencing health examination behavioral intention among the public in Taiwan. In total, 388 effective questionnaires were analyzed through structural model analysis. Consequently, this study yielded four crucial findings: (1) The established extended health belief model could effectively predict health examination behavioral intention; (2) Self-efficacy was the factor that most strongly influenced health examination behavioral intention, followed by health knowledge; (3) Self-efficacy substantially influenced perceived benefits and perceived barriers; (4) Health knowledge and social support indirectly influenced health examination behavioral intention. The preceding results can effectively increase the acceptance and use of health examination services among the public, thereby facilitating early diagnosis and treatment and ultimately reducing disease and mortality rates.

/pdf/structural-factors-affecting-health-examination-behavioral-30r57c6htw.pdf

Structural Factors Affecting Health Examination Behavioral Intention

Abstract Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment, dysregulation of amino acid consumption in immune cells is an important underlying mechanism leading to impaired anti-tumor immunity. Emerging studies have revealed that altered amino acid metabolism is tightly linked to tumor outgrowth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance through governing the fate of various immune cells. During these processes, the concentration of free amino acids, their membrane bound transporters, key metabolic enzymes, and sensors such as mTOR and GCN2 play critical roles in controlling immune cell differentiation and function. As such, anti-cancer immune responses could be enhanced by supplement of specific essential amino acids, or targeting the metabolic enzymes or their sensors, thereby developing novel adjuvant immune therapeutic modalities. To further dissect metabolic regulation of anti-tumor immunity, this review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms governing reprogramming of amino acid metabolism and their effects on the phenotypes and functions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells to propose novel approaches that could be exploited to rewire amino acid metabolism and enhance cancer immunotherapy. 

/pdf/amino-acid-metabolism-in-immune-cells-essential-regulators-2x7i27n8.pdf

Amino acid metabolism in immune cells: essential regulators of the effector functions, and promising opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy

Cancer hallmarks intersect with neuroscience in the tumor microenvironment.

Many cancers have an unusual dependence on glutamine. However, most previous studies have focused on the contribution of glutamine to metabolic building blocks and the energy supply. Here, we report that cancer cells with aberrant expression of glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) rewire glutamine metabolism for the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)—a prominent neurotransmitter—in non-nervous tissues. An analysis of clinical samples reveals that increased GABA levels predict poor prognosis. Mechanistically, we identify a cancer-intrinsic pathway through which GABA activates the GABAB receptor to inhibit GSK-3β activity, leading to enhanced β-catenin signalling. This GABA-mediated β-catenin activation both stimulates tumour cell proliferation and suppresses CD8+ T cell intratumoural infiltration, such that targeting GAD1 or GABABR in mouse models overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Our findings uncover a signalling role for tumour-derived GABA beyond its classic function as a neurotransmitter that can be targeted pharmacologically to reverse immunosuppression. 

Cancer-cell-derived GABA promotes β-catenin-mediated tumour growth and immunosuppression

BACKGROUND: HIV infection related to commercial sexual contact is a serious public health issue in China. The objectives of the present study are to explore the predictors of condom use among female sex workers (FSWs) in China and examine the relationship between Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two cities (Wuhan and Suizhou) in Hubei Province China between July 2009 and June 2010. A total of 427 FSWs were recruited through mediators from the low-tier entertainment establishments. Data were obtained by self-administered questionnaires. Structural equation models were constructed to examine the association. We collected 363 valid questionnaires. Within the context of HBM perceived severity of HIV mediated through perceived benefits of condom use had a weak effect on condom use (r = 0.07). Perceived benefits and perceived barriers were proximate determinants of condom use (r = 0.23 and r = -0.62 respectively). Self-efficacy had a direct effect on perceived severity perceived benefits and perceived barriers which was indirectly associated with condom use behaviors (r = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The HBM provides a useful framework for investigating predictors of condom use behaviors among FSWs. Future HIV prevention interventions should focus on increasing perceived benefits of condom use reducing barriers to condoms use and improving self-efficacy among FSWs.

/pdf/predictors-of-condom-use-behaviors-based-on-the-health-3urw4jkc1s.pdf

Predictors of condom use behaviors based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) among female sex workers: a cross-sectional study in Hubei Province, China

To develop new fungicides with high efficiency, 46 novel sulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing pinacolone fragment into chesulfamide which was used as lead compound. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectra, and the structure of compound P-27 was also confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. It was found that a variety of compounds present excellent inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea. The inhibition rates of P-29 on tomato and strawberry were 90.24% (200 mg/L) and 100% (400 mg/L) in vivo respectively, which were better than the lead compound chesulfamide (59.23% on tomato seedlings and 29.63% on strawberries).

/pdf/design-synthesis-and-structure-activity-relationship-of-3n7g222y.pdf

Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Novel Pinacolone Sulfonamide Derivatives against Botrytis cinerea as Potent Antifungal Agents

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Cancer-cell-derived GABA promotes β-catenin-mediated tumour growth and immunosuppression

Predictors of condom use behaviors based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) among female sex workers: a cross-sectional study in Hubei Province, China

Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Novel Pinacolone Sulfonamide Derivatives against Botrytis cinerea as Potent Antifungal Agents