The hazardous effects of pollutants from conventional fuel vehicles have caused the scientific world to move towards environmentally friendly energy sources. Though we have various renewable energy sources, the perfect one to use as an energy source for vehicles is hydrogen. Like electricity, hydrogen is an energy carrier that has the ability to deliver incredible amounts of energy. Onboard hydrogen storage in vehicles is an important factor that should be considered when designing fuel cell vehicles. In this study, a recent development in hydrogen fuel cell engines is reviewed to scrutinize the feasibility of using hydrogen as a major fuel in transportation systems. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that can produce electricity by allowing chemical gases and oxidants as reactants. With anodes and electrolytes, the fuel cell splits the cation and the anion in the reactant to produce electricity. Fuel cells use reactants, which are not harmful to the environment and produce water as a product of the chemical reaction. As hydrogen is one of the most efficient energy carriers, the fuel cell can produce direct current (DC) power to run the electric car. By integrating a hydrogen fuel cell with batteries and the control system with strategies, one can produce a sustainable hybrid car.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/11/2296/pdf

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles; Current Status and Future Prospect

On-site autonomous construction robots: Towards unsupervised building

https://escholarship.org/content/qt5jw4x5d6/qt5jw4x5d6.pdf?t=qb1cfc

Assessing the effects of technological progress on energy efficiency in the construction industry: A case of China

With global warming and the energy crisis becoming more serious, the emission regulations for construction machinery (CM) are increasingly strict. The pure electric drive system is an inevitable trend for CMs. Although the pure electric drive system is widely used in the industry field and some technologies have been successfully transplanted to the mobile machines, it's not easy for CMs to realize the electrification. Types of pure electric CM (PECM) are discussed firstly to give a glance at PECM. Then the characteristics of a pure electric system for CMs are introduced. Key technologies, like variable speed control of the electric motor (EM), hydroelectric EM driving, new hydroelectric actuator, power supply, and energy recovery, are analyzed in depth. The difficulties of CMs to realize the electrification by comparing the difference between the pure electric power used in CM and the pure electric power used in the other fields. Moreover, the researches and developments in the pure electric drive systems for CMs are introduced. Finally, the challenges that researchers and the CM manufacturers will face are forecasted.

Development and key technologies of pure electric construction machinery

This paper describes the development trends and prospects of green-energy-based off-road electric vehicles and robots in the agricultural sector. Today, the agriculture sector faces several challenges, such as population growth, increasing energy demands, labor shortages, and global warming. Increases in energy demand cause many challenges worldwide; therefore, many methods are suggested to achieve energy independence from fossil fuels and reduce emissions. From a long-term point of view, the electrification of agricultural vehicles and renewable energy sources appear to be an essential step for robotic and smart farming in Agriculture 5.0. The trend of technological growth using fully autonomous robots in the agricultural sector seems to be one of the emerging technologies to tackle the increased demand for food and address environmental issues. The development of electric vehicles, alternative green fuels, and more energy-efficient technologies such as hybrid electric, robotic, and autonomous vehicles is increasing and improving work quality and operator comfort. Furthermore, related digital technologies such as advanced network communication, artificial intelligence techniques, and blockchain are discussed to understand the challenges and opportunities in industry and research.

/pdf/off-road-electric-vehicles-and-autonomous-robots-in-11rn7o5y.pdf

Off-Road Electric Vehicles and Autonomous Robots in Agricultural Sector: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities

Review of hybrid electric systems for construction machinery

In order to solve the operational risks faced by the "Online State Grid" APP, this paper proposes to study and construct the operational risk prevention and control system at provincial level and headquarters level. Establish a closed-loop risk control mechanism including risk identification, risk 

/pdf/research-and-application-analysis-of-two-level-operational-6ud24mf8.pdf

Research and Application Analysis of Two-Level Operational Risk Prevention and Control System of "Online State Grid"

In order to improve the forecasting accuracy of monthly electricity sales and the refined operation management of power users. A management method of power transformer operation system is proposed. Through the establishment and use of the management and control working model of the special transformer, the forecasting accuracy of monthly electricity sales is improved, the early warning of electricity charges is realized to avoid arrears, and abnormal situations such as current loss and voltage loss of the special transformer users can be found and handled in time, thus preventing the loss of electricity and current. Using the mobile Internet and GPS positioning, the staff can query the equipment and geographical information of distribution GIS system in real time while patrolling the distribution circuit. Combined with the regular inspection of special transformer users, a series of measures have been implemented to improve the refined level of power transformer user management and provide better and better power supply services for special transformer users.

Construction of refined operation management system of power users' points for mobile internet applications

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Papers

Review of hybrid electric systems for construction machinery

Research and Application Analysis of Two-Level Operational Risk Prevention and Control System of "Online State Grid"

Construction of refined operation management system of power users' points for mobile internet applications