The increasing capability for manufacturing a wide variety of optoelectronic devices from polymer and polymer–silicon hybrids, including transmission fibre, modulators, detectors and light sources, suggests that organic photonics has a promising future in communications and other applications.

Organic photonics for communications

In this letter, we report the realization and characterization of a planar two-dimensional organic photonic crystal microcavity laser. The gain medium consists of a tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum doped with 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran and is deposited on a lithographically patterned silicon nitride two dimensional photonic crystal H2 microcavity. The experimental results show a laser emission at 662 nm with a threshold of 9.7 μJ/cm2.

Optically pumped lasing from organic two-dimensional planar photonic crystal microcavity

Les transducteurs utilises pour la mesure nucleaire se divisent en deux groupes. Le premier groupe est forme par les detecteurs exploitant la collecte des porteurs de charges creees lors de l'interaction des rayonnements ionisants (RI) avec les materiaux (chambres a ionisation, semi-conducteurs, etc.). Le second est forme des materiaux scintillants qui emettent de la lumiere suite a cette interaction.
Les travaux presentes portent sur le changement du paradigme actuel afin de parvenir a une mesure active des interactions entre particules et senseur. L’objectif de cette these est d'etudier la reponse de scintillateurs nanostructures excites par un faisceau laser primaire en presence de RI. Il s'agit plus precisement d'induire optiquement une emission laser dans les scintillateurs de facon a beneficier de la sensibilite inherente de ce type d'onde a toute modification de leur environnement.
L’etude est dans un premier temps focalisee sur le controle de la propagation des photons dans des milieux nanostructures. Cette nanostructuration permet de canaliser l'energie electromagnetique dans une direction et a une longueur d'onde donnee et donc d'amplifier un signal de transduction.
La seconde partie de l’etude est quant a elle consacree aux tentatives d'observation de la perturbation de l’emission en regime amplifie en presence de RI (alpha, beta). Les limitations de ces sources imposent de travailler avec un accelerateur d’electrons. La conclusion de cette partie jette les fondations pour de futurs travaux et formule des hypotheses quant aux effets qui pourront etre attendus en presence de hauts flux d’electrons.

Étude de l’induction optique d’une émission laser DFB dans les scintillateurs organiques en vue d’une mesure active des rayonnements ionisants.

Monodisperse Yttrium-doped BaTiO3 (YBT) nanoparticles with good crystallinity and uniform size distribution have been synthesised via a modified sol-hydrothermal method. The solubility of yttrium in BT was no more than 1 mol%. However, at higher Y3+ content, excess Y3+ were inclined to form Y(OH)3 impurities, and after high temperature sintering, impurity YBa3Ti2O8.5 can be detected in the ceramics. Further, the variation in the crystal volume indicated that Y3+ preferred to substitute for Ti4+ as an acceptor. FE-SEM images revealed that the grain size of the ceramics gradually decreased with the raising Y3+ concentration. Notably, YBT ceramics with 3 mol% Y3+ presented outstanding dielectric-temperature stability, benefitting from the diffuse ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition and the existence of YBa3Ti2O8.5 phases. Stable dielectric-temperature property and low dielectric loss of the YBT ceramics doping with 3 mol% Y3+ in the range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz render it as a promising candidate materia...

Sol-hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structures and excellent dielectric stability of yttrium doped BaTiO3 ceramics

This dissertation deals with the fabrication of various polymer-based photonic structures(PSs) and their applications in nonlinear optics. In the first part, we have demonstratedthe fabrication of desired PSs by interference lithography technique. The two-beam interferencemethod is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated as a best choice forfabrication of all kinds of PSs with large and uniform area. Desired 1D, 2D, and 3D,periodic and quasi-periodic PSs are successfully fabricated on SU8 photoresist. We alsodemonstrated a way to overcome the material’s absorption effect, which imposes a limitationof PSs thickness. By adding one more exposure of a uniform laser beam in oppositedirection of two interfering beams, the fabricated PSs became more uniform and theirthickness increased to 25 μm. A tentative of using low one-photon absorption techniquewas also realized showing the possibility to obtain a PS with a thickness upto 600 μm.Furthermore, by using the interference technique combined with mass transport effect,we have demonstrated the fabrication of desired surface relief grating structures, with acontrollable depth, on passive polymer (SU8) and active polymer (DR1/PMMA). In thesecond part, we applied these fabricated structures for enhancement of nonlinearity ofpolymer materials by two different ways: quasi-phase-matching (QPM) and waveguideresonance grating (WRG). Both theoretical calculation and experimental realization ofthese techniques have been investigated. The QPM structures allowed to overcome thephase mismatch of fundamental and harmonic waves, thus increasing the conversion efficiency.The second-harmonic generation (SHG), one of the most important applicationsof frequency conversion, is significantly enhanced thanks to the QPM condition. Anothermethod basing on the WRG structures allowed to increase the intensity of fundamentalwave, thus enhancing the SHG signal by a factor of 25.

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01221694/document

Fabrication and optimization of polymer-based photonic structures and applications to nonlinear optics

We report on the characterization of low threshold second-order organic photonic crystal distributed feedback laser based on SiN with hexagonal lattice. SiN can increase the index contrast in the photonic crystal distributed feedback as well as the confinement in the waveguide which results in a decrease in the threshold. Low threshold energy of 0.65kW∕cm2 and full width at half maximum of 0.9nm were achieved in lasers. As a result, we observe surface-emitting lasing action and hexagonal emission pattern of side beams whose direction slightly deviates from the normal. We explain the feedback mechanisms by using semiclassical laser theory.

Low threshold two-dimensional organic photonic crystal distributed feedback laser with hexagonal symmetry based on SiN

This paper presents optically pumped solid-state organic lasers based on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) doped with the laser dye 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidy 1-9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB, 2 wt %) using resonator which offers one dimensional distributed feedback. The lasers have been fabricated by deposition of organic films on top of suitable grating microstructures etched into SiN layer. The devices operating in the red spectral region are highly efficient and exhibit low threshold for oscillation (0.3 kW/cm2). The operating characteristics of the lasers are investigated in detail. The laser oscillation is obtained by optimizing the organic film thickness. The ratio of slot width to grating period is another important parameter to decrease the lasing threshold.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1143/JJAP.48.052101/pdf

Emission Characteristics and Performance Comparison of Organic Lasers with One-Dimensional Distributed Feedback

Flower-like ZnO was prepared by a simple microwave method, and characterized by XRD and SEM, PL. The photocatalytic analysis of methyl orange degradation by the flower-like ZnO was carried out, and the experiment was repeated. The XRD patterns confirmed that the product was wurtzite structured ZnO. Mercury lamp of 20 W was used to degrade methyl orange, the degradation efficiency was only about 4% after 320 min. Researched the effect of H2O2 on photocatalytic performance, found degradation efficiency was more than 82% after 3 min, illustrated that H2O2 had a strong role in promoting photocatalysis, organic compounds can be degraded by cooperative effort between flower-like ZnO and H2O2. The experimental results of the degradation of Methyl Orange by ZnO synergistically with H2O2 show that the the degradation rat degradation of methyl orange by flower-like ZnO synergistically with H2O2 is increased about 27 times, H2O2 has a very good promoting effect on ZnO photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Finally, the mechanism of H2O2 synergistic with flower-like ZnO degradation of methyl orange was analyzed.

Degradation of Methyl Orange by Flower-like ZnO Synergistically with H2O2

We demonstrate near-ultraviolet frequency two-dimensional organic-photonic-crystal laser using resonator structures that offer two-dimensional distributed feedback at room temperature. The gain medium is N,N′-di-1-naphthyl-N, N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) which is deposited on lithographically patterned silica structure. We observe surface emitting lasing action with the central beam normal to the surface and the far-field emission characteristics of this laser. The devices operate in the blue spectral region, and exhibit very low threshold energies for oscillation (0.3 kW/cm2). The far field is also shown to contain information about the quality of the photonic crystal. This emission pattern offers a convenient and powerful way to evaluate the nature of laser action in such resonators. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 382–385, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23102

Emission characteristics of near-ultraviolet two-dimensional organic photonic crystal lasers

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Papers

Low threshold two-dimensional organic photonic crystal distributed feedback laser with hexagonal symmetry based on SiN

Emission Characteristics and Performance Comparison of Organic Lasers with One-Dimensional Distributed Feedback

Degradation of Methyl Orange by Flower-like ZnO Synergistically with H2O2

Emission characteristics of near-ultraviolet two-dimensional organic photonic crystal lasers