Ecological network construction and optimization in Guangzhou from the perspective of biodiversity conservation

Ecological network construction and optimization in Guangzhou from the perspective of biodiversity conservation.

Accurate identification of land use conflicts is an important prerequisite for the rational allocation of land resources and optimizing the production–living–ecological space pattern. Previous studies used suitability assessment and landscape pattern indices to identify land use conflicts. However, research on land use conflict identification from the perspective of ecological security is insufficient and not conducive to regional ecological, environmental protection, and sustainable development. Based on ecological security, this study takes Shandong Province as an example and comprehensively evaluates the importance of ecosystem service function and environmental sensitivity. It identifies the ecological source, and extracts ecological corridors with a minimum cumulative resistance model from which ecological security patterns are constructed. It identifies land use conflicts through spatial overlay analysis of arable land and construction land. The results show that: (1) Shandong Province has formed an ecological security pattern of “two ecological barriers, two belts, and eight cores” with an area of 15,987 km2. (2) The level of arable land–ecological space conflict is low, at 39.76%. The proportions of serious and moderate conflicts are 13.44% and 26.97%, respectively, distributed primarily on the Jiaodong Peninsula and the low hill areas of Ludong. (3) Construction land–ecological space conflict is reasonably stable and controllable, at 76.39%, occurring mainly around urban construction land, with serious and moderate conflict concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, mainly between rural settlements and ecologically safe space in the region. This study has important theoretical and practical reference values for identifying land use conflicts, protecting regional ecological security, and optimizing land use patterns.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/12/2196/pdf?version=1670071124

Identification of Land Use Conflicts in Shandong Province from an Ecological Security Perspective

Identifying the potential soil pollution areas derived from the metal mining industry in China using MaxEnt with mine reserve scales (MaxEnt_MRS).

Ecological Conservation Redline (ECR) is a national strategy of ecological conservation required by Territorial Spatial Planning in China. Previous studies mainly focused on the techniques and methods of delineating ECR, without an integrated assessment of the rationality of ECR from a large scale like a province. Using Zhejiang as a case, this study attempted to conduct an integrated assessment of ECR from the dimensions of element (land uses), structure (landscape patterns), and function (ecosystem services) considering multiple conservation objectives, e.g., stabilizing area, improving quality, and maintaining function. Regarding elements, forestlands and water bodies accounted for 87.17% and 4.57% of ECR in mountainous and water-rich Zhejiang. Regarding structure, ECR exhibited a high patch contagion and a low Shannon's diversity index compared with non-ECR, indicating a high integrity and low diversity within ECR. Regarding function, three major types of ecosystem services (ESs), namely habitat quality, water retention, and soil conservation, exhibited a similar spatial pattern and a synergic relationship within ECR areas. The ESs are generally high in southern Zhejiang considering the rich natural endowments. The extremely important areas with high ESs accounted for 62.97% of ECR areas, mostly concentrated in the mountainous regions. The findings provided insights to optimize ECR delineation and management for Territorial Spatial Planning. 

Assessing ecological conservation redline from element, structure, and function dimensions: A case of Zhejiang Province, China

Application of the MaxEnt model in improving the accuracy of ecological red line identification: A case study of Zhanjiang, China

Large optical flats play a remarkable role in advanced large-aperture optical systems and the testing of the surface shape error is indispensable for the fabrication. The widely adopted Ritchey-Common test for large optical flats will fail without the rigorous test configurations including a large F/# prerequisition and a flat-to-interferometer distance invariance. A virtual-real combination Ritchey-Common interferometry is proposed to avoid the large F/# prerequisition by accurately modelling the optical path in a virtual interferometer. Furthermore, a virtual-real combination iterative algorithm is proposed in this method to break the flat-to-interferometer distance invariance. Measurement experiments for 100 mm and 422 mm aperture flats were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Compared with a direct testing in a standard Zygo interferometer, the peak to valley (PV) and root mean square (RMS) errors were less than 0.1 λ and 0.01 λ (λ=632.8 nm), respectively, in different Ritchey angles and flat-to-interferometer distances. Further numerical simulations demonstrate that RMS errors for various Zernike aberrations in arbitrary F/# are less than 0.01 λ. This method can break the distance invariance restriction and achieve high accuracy with an arbitrary F/#, thus providing substantial freedom in the design of test configurations to accommodate various test scenarios.

Virtual-real combination Ritchey-Common interferometry.

Aspheric surfaces are widely used in advanced optical instruments. Measuring the aspheric surface parameters (ASPs) with high accuracy is vital for manufacturing and aligning optical aspheric surfaces. This paper provides a review of various techniques for measuring ASPs and discusses the advantages/disadvantages of these approaches. The aim of this review is to contribute to advancements in the fabrication and testing of aspheric optical elements and their practical applications in diverse fields.

Measurement techniques for aspheric surface parameters

The radius of curvature (R) is a fundamental parameter of
 spherical optical surfaces. The measurement range of the widely
 adopted traditional interferometric method is limited by the length of
 the precision linear guide rail carrying the measured surface from the
 cat’s eye to the confocal position, and the test result is vulnerable
 to airflow and vibration in the test environment. An interferometric
 method is proposed for the radius measurement of spherical surfaces
 based on a small axial moving distance and the corresponding defocus
 wavefront to eliminate the dependence on a long guide rail and extend
 the measuring range. To eliminate the influence of the test
 environment and calculate the R, a defocus transform algorithm is
 proposed to instantaneously measure the defocus wavefront from a
 single interferogram. Numerical simulations theoretically demonstrate
 that there is no limit to the measurement range of this method because
 only a short distance of the measured mirror must be moved. A
 spherical mirror with a radius of curvature of 101.6087 mm is
 experimentally tested, and the relative measurement error is 0.037%.
 This method can achieve high accuracy for optical shops and greatly
 increase the measurement range of the interferometric method without
 additional equipment.

Interferometric measurement of the radius of curvature based on axial displacement from a confocal position and corresponding defocus wavefront

High-precision polarization imaging for three-dimensional reconstruction with fused coarse depth

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