Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been increasingly used in various fields of medicine, such as in auxiliary diagnosis and treatment, medical teaching, and regenerative medicine. Most operations performed by neurosurgeons and associated pathological examinations involve complex, microscopic anatomical structures that cannot be observed outside. 3D-printed models can reproduce anatomical structures, pathological tissues, and cells with high accuracy, enhancing our understanding of complex aspects of anatomy and pathology. They can also assist in preoperative planning and simulation, help in surgical or interventional surgery precision medicine, and improve the effectiveness of treatments. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses its current application progress and problems, including treatments for common diseases (e.g., intracranial tumors, intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysms, skull repair, and neural prosthetics), clinical training, and preoperative plans. With its widespread applications, 3D printing as an innovative tool will provide new directions for developing imaging, strategies, and interventions in neurosurgical diseases.

/pdf/application-of-three-dimensional-3d-printing-in-neurosurgery-2s7p8g2c.pdf

Application of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing in Neurosurgery

The objective of this study was to explore rehabilitation of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) treated with Xuebijing injection by using intelligent medical big data analysis system. Based on Hadoop distributed processing technology, this study designed a medical big data analysis system and tested its performance. Then, this analysis system was used to systematically analyze rehabilitation of sepsis patients with AKI treated with Xuebijing injection. It is found that the computing time of this system does not increase obviously with the increase of cases. The results of systematic analysis showed that the glomerular filtration rate (59.31 ± 3.87% vs 44.53 ± 3.53%) in the experimental group was obviously superior than that in the controls after one week of treatment. The levels of urea nitrogen (9.32 ± 2.21 mmol/L vs. 14.32 ± 0.98 mmol/L), cystatin C (1.65 ± 0.22 mg/L vs. 2.02 ± 0.13 mg/L), renal function recovery time (6.12 ± 1.66 days vs. 8.66 ± 1.17 days), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation system score (8.98 ± 2.12 points vs. 12.45 ± 2.56 points), sequential organ failure score (7.22 ± 0.86 points vs. 8.61 ± 0.97 points), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score (6.89 ± 1.11 points vs. 11.33 ± 1.23 points), and ICU time (16.43 ± 2.37 days vs. 12.15 ± 2.56 days) in the experimental group were obviously lower than those in the controls, and the distinctions had statistical significance (P < 0.05). The significant efficiency (37.19% vs. 25.31%) and total effective rate (89.06% vs. 79.06%) in the experimental group were obviously superior than those in the controls, and distinction had statistical significance (P < 0.05). In summary, the medical big data analysis system constructed in this study has high efficiency. Xuebijing injection can improve the renal function of sepsis patients with kidney injury, and its therapeutic effect is obviously better than that of Western medicine, and it has clinical application and promotion value.

Rehabilitation of Sepsis Patients with Acute Kidney Injury Based on Intelligent Medical Big Data

BACKGROUND
Surgery plays a major role in treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia; however, some patients suffer from neurological impairment after surgery. Studies have confirmed that stereotactic hematoma aspiration guided by computed tomography (CT) has significant value for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia, but little is known about the optimal timing for the operation. This study sought to explore the effect of CT-guided stereotactic hematoma aspiration timing on the recovery of neurological function in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia.


METHODS
The data of 110 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia admitted to the Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. Based on the timing of their operations, the patients were allocated to the early treatment group (within 24 hours, n=50) and late treatment group (after 24 hours, n=60). The postoperative recovery of the 2 groups was compared.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in terms of age, gender, amount of cerebral hemorrhage, hemorrhage ruptured into ventricle rate, Glasgow Coma Scale score, hypertension grade, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and operation duration between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in the preoperative National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores of the patients in the 2 groups (22.50±4.90 vs. 23.83±5.35, P=0.179). Compared to the late treatment group, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score of the patients in the early treatment group was significantly lower 3 and 6 months after the operation (5.90±4.02 vs. 9.23±3.47, P<0.001; 4.54±2.56 vs. 6.50±3.07, P<0.001, respectively). The Glasgow Outcome Scale score of patients in the early treatment group was significantly better than that of patients in the late treatment group (P=0.035). No significant difference was found in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection, intracranial infection, rebleeding, and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis between the 2 groups (P>0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Early CT-guided stereotactic hematoma aspiration may improve the postoperative neurological function of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia.

The effect of early vs. late CT-guided stereotactic hematoma aspiration on neurological function recovery in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia: a retrospective comparative cohort study.

Spontaneous intracerebral bleed is a communal subtype of stroke and is usually the deadliest. Objective: To determine the efficacy of surgical management of spontaneous hypertensive basal ganglia bleed and the factors contributing its outcome. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the department of Neurosurgery for two-year duration from January 2020 to December 2021. 80 patients aged 18-65 years were included after matching criteria of inclusion of this study. The open craniotomy and evacuation was the surgical technique in all patients. After treatment, all cases were followed up for minimum six months. Patients were categorized as having good or bad scores on GOS. The data analysis was done using SPSS by assessing the effect of the observed variables including age, GCS, volume of blood, midline shift, ventricular extension and hydrocephalus. Results: 80 patients, 55 (68.8%) males and 25 (31.2%) females were done with surgical intervention. Their ages ranged from 18-65 years. Conferring to the patients GCS, they were divided into 3 groups: 26 (32.5%) patients with 5-8GCS; 38 (47.5%) patients with 9-12 GCS; and 16 (20%) patients with 13-15GCS. The volume of blood ranged from 30-90 cm3. 13 patients (16.3%) had ventricular extension, and 9 patients had hydrocephalus. In 34 patients (42.5%) had midline shift was <5 mm and 46 patients (57.5%) had > 5 mm. 49 patients (61.3%) had favorable results conferring to GOS scoring (4, 5), poor results in 31 (38.7%) cases, and 21 among those died (26.3%). Conclusions: Early evacuation with surgery results in a radical decrease in intracranial pressure and better prognosis. Patients with midline deviation >5mm, ventricular extension, hydrocephalus and reduced level of consciousness have worst prognosis.

A Prospective Study On the Surgical Treatment of Large Hypertensive Basal Ganglia Bleed

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/7486249.].

/pdf/retracted-therapeutic-effect-of-electronic-endoscopic-2qnc3ulz.pdf

Retracted: Therapeutic Effect of Electronic Endoscopic Hematoma Removal on Hypertensive Basal Ganglia Cerebral Hemorrhage Based on Smart Medical Technology

The medical and health industry has successively experienced three stages of digital medical treatment, local area network medical treatment, and internet medical treatment. With the rapid development of technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, emerging applications and service models have gradually penetrated into all aspects of the medical and health field. At this point, the informatization development process of the medical industry has entered the stage of smart medical treatment. (Smart medical system is a new medical system that improves users' medical experience and provides users with better services. Due to the cumbersome, complicated, and mechanically rigid environment of the past medical service, there was no uniform standard. In order to create a reliable and open medical service environment, an intelligent medical system came into being.). A diversified technical foundation and smart medical protection, conducive to providing patients with high-quality medical services, are established. This article mainly introduces the analysis of the therapeutic effect of smart medical electronic endoscopic hematoma removal on hypertensive basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage and aims to inject advanced technology and vitality of smart medical treatment into the treatment of hypertensive basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage by hematoma removal and help the doctor to treat the patient. This article proposes the research methods of smart medical application in the treatment of hypertensive basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage with electronic endoscopic hematoma removal, including smart medical overview, intracranial hematoma removal for hypertensive basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage, and smart medical bioelectric signal classification. The recognition algorithm is used to realize the smart medical application of the electronic endoscopic hematoma removal in the treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia area. The experimental results show that the removal of intracranial hematoma based on smart medicine can effectively improve the removal rate of intracranial hematoma, with a recovery rate of 26.73% and a significant efficiency of 36.49%.

/pdf/therapeutic-effect-of-electronic-endoscopic-hematoma-removal-36hnrbmukk.pdf

Therapeutic Effect of Electronic Endoscopic Hematoma Removal on Hypertensive Basal Ganglia Cerebral Hemorrhage Based on Smart Medical Technology

Objective Lung cancer is responsible for millions of deaths yearly, and its burden is severe worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the burden of lung cancer in the population of Wuhan based on the surveillance data from 2010 to 2019. Methods Data of this study was obtained from the Mortality Register System established by the Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The study systematically analyzed the burden of lung cancer deaths in the population of Wuhan and its 13 administrative regions from 2010 to 2019 via the Joinpoint regression models, Age-Period-Cohort (APC) models, and decomposition analysis. Results This study found the upward and downward trends in the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and age-standardized years of life lost rates (ASYLLRs) of lung cancer from 2010 to 2019. In Joinpoint regression models, the corresponding estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were 1.00% and -1.90%, 0.60%, and -3.00%, respectively. In APC models, lung cancer mortality tended to increase with age for both sexes in Wuhan, peaking at the 85-89 age group; The period effects for different populations have started to gradually decline in recent years. In addition, the cohort effects indicated that the risk of lung cancer death was highest among those born in the 1950s-1955s, at 1.08 (males) and 1.01 (females). Among all administrative districts in Wuhan, the ASMR of lung cancer in the Xinzhou District has remained the highest over the study period. In decomposition analysis, both population aging (P<0.01) and population growth (P<0.01) aggravated (Z>0) lung cancer deaths in the Wuhan population. Conclusions The burden of lung cancer death in the Wuhan population has shown a gradual decline in recent years, but the impact of aging and population growth on lung cancer mortality should not be ignored. Therefore, lung cancer surveillance must be strengthened to reduce the burden of lung cancer in Wuhan.

/pdf/temporal-trends-in-lung-cancer-mortality-and-years-of-life-3b3bngzs.pdf

Temporal trends in lung cancer mortality and years of life lost in Wuhan, China, 2010-2019

Abstract Aims To investigate the proportion and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by stages in less-developed rural areas in Hunan Province of China. Background DR is common among people with diabetes but not well recognized in less-developed rural areas. There is insufficient evidence on the risk factors of DR by stages, making it challenging to develop targeted prevention and intervention programs for DR in primary care settings. Methods A multi-site cross-sectional survey was conducted among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from four less-developed counties in Hunan Province of China. All participants underwent the screening of DR via digital fundus photography and completed self-reported questionnaires on their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, diabetes self-efficacy, diabetes self-care behaviors, social support, family function, and health service accessibility. The multinomial logistic regression models were employed to explore the risk factors of DR by stage, which were selected based on the socio-ecological model, literature, and clinical experience. Results A total of 196 participants were included in this study with an average age of 57.43 ± 10.26. 59.6% (117/196) of the participants were identified as DR, including 37.2% (73/196) non-proliferative DR and 22.4% (44/196) proliferative DR. Compared to the non-DR group, the risk factors of non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR were diabetes duration (OR: 1.10, 95 CI%: 1.04–1.17; OR: 1.14, 95 CI% 1.06–1.22) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (OR: 1.09, 95 CI% 1.01–1.17; OR: 1.11, 95 CI%: 1.02–1.20); the protective factors of non-proliferative DR was accessible complication prevention and management education (OR: 0.37, 95 CI% 0.14–0.94) while the protective factors of proliferative DR were physical activities (OR: 0.89, 95 CI%: 0.80–0.98). Compared to the non-proliferative DR group, the protective factors of proliferative DR were physical activities (OR: 0.89, 95 CI% 0.02–0.89) and family function (OR: 0.84, 95 CI%: 0.04–0.84). Conclusion DR was prevalent among people with T2DM in less-developed rural areas, indicating the need of strengthening DR screening. Risk factors of DR varied by stage while sharing some common factors. Future DR prevention and intervention programs may benefit from improving these factors to reduce the risk of DR by stage. 

https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-022-14232-3

Proportion and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy by stage in less-developed rural areas of Hunan province of China: A multi-site cross-sectional study

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Therapeutic Effect of Electronic Endoscopic Hematoma Removal on Hypertensive Basal Ganglia Cerebral Hemorrhage Based on Smart Medical Technology

Temporal trends in lung cancer mortality and years of life lost in Wuhan, China, 2010-2019

Proportion and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy by stage in less-developed rural areas of Hunan province of China: A multi-site cross-sectional study