The Brush Foundation studies on human growth and development, begun in 1931 and terminated in 1942, have been intensively reviewed and studied by Dr Greulich and Miss Pyle in the formulation of this Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist Serial radiographs of from 2 to 20 hand-films made at successive examinations of each of 1000 boys and girls made up the radiographic material Standards were selected that were judged to be the most representative of the central tendency or anatomic mode of each chronologic age group from birth through 18 years

Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist

Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology and endodontics

https://www.dentalage.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/cunha_e_et_al_2009_aging-human-remains-a-review.pdf

The problem of aging human remains and living individuals: a review.

Osteopetrosis is a genetic condition of increased bone mass, which is caused by defects in osteoclast formation and function. Both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms exist, but this Review focuses on autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO), also known as malignant infantile osteopetrosis. The genetic basis of this disease is now largely uncovered: mutations in TCIRG1, CLCN7, OSTM1, SNX10 and PLEKHM1 lead to osteoclast-rich ARO (in which osteoclasts are abundant but have severely impaired resorptive function), whereas mutations in TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11A lead to osteoclast-poor ARO. In osteoclast-rich ARO, impaired endosomal and lysosomal vesicle trafficking results in defective osteoclast ruffled-border formation and, hence, the inability to resorb bone and mineralized cartilage. ARO presents soon after birth and can be fatal if left untreated. However, the disease is heterogeneous in clinical presentation and often misdiagnosed. This article describes the genetics of ARO and discusses the diagnostic role of next-generation sequencing methods. The management of affected patients, including guidelines for the indication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (which can provide a cure for many types of ARO), are outlined. Finally, novel treatments, including preclinical data on in utero stem cell treatment, RANKL replacement therapy and denosumab therapy for hypercalcaemia are also discussed.

Osteopetrosis: genetics, treatment and new insights into osteoclast function

Bacteria have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of pulp and periapical diseases. The primary aim of endodontic treatment is to remove as many bacteria as possible from the root canal system and then to create an environment in which any remaining organisms cannot survive. This can only be achieved through the use of a combination of aseptic treatment techniques, chemomechanical preparation of the root canal, antimicrobial irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments. The choice of which intracanal medicament to use is dependent on having an accurate diagnosis of the condition being treated, as well as a thorough knowledge of the type of organisms likely to be involved and their mechanisms of growth and survival. Since the disease is likely to have been caused by the presence of bacteria within the root canal, the use of an antimicrobial agent is essential. Many medicaments have been used in an attempt to achieve the above aims but no single preparation has been found to be completely predictable or effective. Commonly used medicaments include calcium hydroxide, antibiotics, non-phenolic biocides, phenolic biocides and iodine compounds. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and further research is required to determine which is best suited for root canal infections.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00527.x

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci 2007, 13 121 aurodontizm, genellikle çok köklü di şlerde ortaya çıkan, di ş n şeklindeki morfoanatomik bir de ğişikliktir. Etkilenen dişte pulpa odasının apikale do ğru uzaması sonucu oransal olarak kısalmı ş köklerle geni şlemiş pulpa odası görülür. Diş kök uzunluğunun aleyhine olacak şekilde bir molar di şin, pulpa kavitesinde geni şleme olarak tanımlanan taurodontizm devamlı bir özellik olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. 1 Taurodontizm terimi Sir Arthur Keith tarafından, uzun kök gövdesinin yüksek pulpa odası ve kısa köklerle çevrelediği dişlerdeki “boğa-benzeri” durumu tarif etmek için (Latinceden tauro: “boğa” ve Yunancadan dont: “diş”) uyarlanmıştır.

Taurodontizm: (Beş Olgu Sunumu ve Literatür Taraması

Electromyography signals (EMG) were recorded whilst chewing a test material for a duration of 10 seconds in order for investigating the masticatory muscle performance of patients with different dental status. Patients were split into two groups according to their teeth status. One of two groups does not need any fixed dentures (i.e., full dentate group); the other one is partially edentulous group lacking 4–6 teeth on the right side, and is treated using fixed partial dentures. Chewing gum is opted for the test food since it can be easily applied to the patients. Electromyographic records are obtained from the right masticatory muscle. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) analysis method is adopted in order to evaluate the muscle activities using the EMG signals. In patients with fixed partial dentures, the amplitude and the power spectrum density (PSD) values of the EMG signals are discovered to be dramatically higher than that of the full dentate subjects. The results have indicated that there are important differences in masticatory performance between two groups, and chewing function in subjects with prosthesis is lower than the patients with intact dentition. Subjects with fixed partial dentures may compensate for their poor chewing performance by applying greater forces with their masticatory muscles in a longer chewing duration. Hence, it is recommended that the avoidance of tooth loss would provide better functioning for the chewing process.

Study of Electromyographic Signals During Chewing Process In Patients with Fixed Partial Denture

A 40 year-old man applied to our clinic complaining of a non-healing tooth abscess for the duration of more than 2 months. Extra oral examination of the patient revealed a painful firm expansion in the right parotis region with ipsilateral palpable fixed submandibular lymph nodes. There was no sign of acute abscess with respect to the dentition in intra oral examination. A panoramic radiograph of the patient showed an undefined radiolucent area at the ramus of the mandible above the mandible foramen and lytic areas within an enlarged right mandibular condyle. A subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan of the lesion were consistent with malignancy. In this study, we present a very unusual and unique case of metastasis in the temporomandibular joint which was the first clinical manifestation of inguinal region malignancy in the patient. Interpretation of conventional radiographs with application of advanced imaging modalities plays crucial role in determining malignant lesions of jaws.

Metastatic Carcinoma of Temporomandibular Joint: Clinical and Imaging Features of a Case

Objective: The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of hypodontia in the permanent dentition among a group of Turkish sample who sought orthodontic treatment and to compare present results with the specific findings of other populations. The occurrence was evaluated in relation to gender, specific missing teeth, the location and pattern of distribution in the maxillary and mandibular arches and right and left sides. Materials And Methods: Orthodontic files of 2413 patients (1557 females-mean age: 17.78±5.41 years old and 856 males-mean age:17.02±5.47 years old) which included orthopantomograms, study models, and anamnestic data were examined for evidence of hypodontia. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.54% (8.09% for female and 6.54% for male). Hypodontia was found considerably more frequently in the maxilla than in the mandible. Similarity in the distribution of missing teeth between the right and left sides was detected. The most frequently missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors, followed by the mandibular and maxillary second premolars. The majority of patients had one or two teeth missing, but seldom three or more. Conclusions: Present data for hypodontia were within the wide range reported in the literature.
The findings of patients with hypodontia involving the anterior teeth and others missing more than two teeth in the same quadrant were an indication of a great need for orthodontic treatment. By early detection of missing teeth, alternative treatment modalities can be planned and performed with a multidisciplinary team approach. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:167-173)

/pdf/hypodontia-does-the-prevalence-anddistribution-pattern-49g6qa1b0m.pdf

Hypodontia. Does the Prevalence andDistribution Pattern Differ in OrthodonticPatients

Facial soft-tissue thickness in patients affected by bilateral cleft lip and palate: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study

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