Owing to the advancement of interdisciplinary concepts, for example, wearable electronics, bioelectronics, and intelligent sensing, during the microelectronics industrial revolution, nowadays, extensively mature wearable sensing devices have become new favorites in the noninvasive human healthcare industry. The combination of wearable sensing devices with bionics is driving frontier developments in various fields, such as personalized medical monitoring and flexible electronics, due to the superior biocompatibilities and diverse sensing mechanisms. It is noticed that the integration of desired functions into wearable device materials can be realized by grafting biomimetic intelligence. Therefore, herein, the mechanism by which biomimetic materials satisfy and further enhance system functionality is reviewed. Next, wearable artificial sensory systems that integrate biomimetic sensing into portable sensing devices are introduced, which have received significant attention from the industry owing to their novel sensing approaches and portabilities. To address the limitations encountered by important signal and data units in biomimetic wearable sensing systems, two paths forward are identified and current challenges and opportunities are presented in this field. In summary, this review provides a further comprehensive understanding of the development of biomimetic wearable sensing devices from both breadth and depth perspectives, offering valuable guidance for future research and application expansion of these devices.

Biomimetic Wearable Sensors: Emerging Combination of Intelligence and Electronics.

Prospects and challenges for the application of salty and saltiness-enhancing peptides in low-sodium meat products.

The limited regenerative capacity of the human body, in conjunction with a shortage of healthy autologous tissue, has created an urgent need for alternative grafting materials. A potential solution is a tissue-engineered graft, a construct which supports and integrates with host tissue. One of the key challenges in fabricating a tissue-engineered graft is achieving mechanical compatibility with the graft site; a disparity in these properties can shape the behaviour of the surrounding native tissue, contributing to the likelihood of graft failure. The purpose of this review is to examine the means by which researchers have altered the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered constructs via hybrid material usage, multi-layer scaffold designs, and surface modifications. A subset of these studies which has investigated the function of their constructs in vivo is also presented, followed by an examination of various tissue-engineered designs which have been clinically translated.

/pdf/recent-methods-for-modifying-mechanical-properties-of-tissue-17nyzftr.pdf

Recent Methods for Modifying Mechanical Properties of Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds for Clinical Applications

<h2>Summary</h2> Creatures in nature adapt to changing environments by shaping their structures and functions in ingenious ways. A major focus of current biomedical research is seeking inspiration from the structure, function, and behavior of these natural organisms and combining biological principles with materials science and engineering to help solve great challenges in healthcare, medical devices, and biomedical technologies. Therefore, biomimetic design is leading the revolution in the biomedical field, facilitating innovation in diverse areas, including biomaterials, drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing, medical devices, and bionic prosthetics. These applications have vastly expanded the boundaries of biomedicine and have profound implications for improving human ability to diagnose and treat diseases, as well as elevate patients' quality of life. This review focuses on the biomimetic design strategies and applications of disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation in the biomedical field in recent years, aiming to provide new insights for bionic exploration. 

Biomimetic design strategies for biomedical applications

Thanks to the gustatory system, humans can experience the flavors in foods and drinks while avoiding the intake of some harmful substances. Although great advances in the fields of biotechnology, microfluidics, and nanotechnologies have been made in recent years, this astonishing recognition system can hardly be replaced by any artificial sensors designed so far. Here, taste organoids are coupled with an extracellular potential sensor array to form a novel bioelectronic organoid and developed a taste organoids‐on‐a‐chip system (TOS) for highly mimicking the biological sense of taste ex vivo with high stability and repeatability. The taste organoids maintain key taste receptors expression after the third passage and high cell viability during 7 days of on‐chip culture. Most importantly, the TOS not only distinguishs sour, sweet, bitter, and salt stimuli with great specificity, but also recognizes varying concentrations of the stimuli through an analytical method based on the extraction of signal features and principal component analysis. It is hoped that this bioelectronic tongue can facilitate studies in food quality controls, disease modelling, and drug screening.

Mimicking the Biological Sense of Taste In Vitro Using a Taste Organoids‐on‐a‐Chip System

Tuft cells are a type of rare epithelial cells that have been recently found to utilize taste signal transduction pathways to detect and respond to various noxious stimuli and pathogens, including allergens, bacteria, protists and parasitic helminths. It is, however, not fully understood how many different types of pathogens they can sense or what exact molecular mechanisms they employ to initiate targeted responses. In this study, we found that an anaerobic pathobiont microbe, Ruminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus), can induce tuft cell proliferation in the proximal colon whereas the microbe’s lysate can stimulate these proximal colonic tuft cells to release interleukin-25 (IL-25). Nullification of the Gng13 and Trpm5 genes that encode the G protein subunit Gγ13 and transient receptor potential ion channel Trpm5, respectively, or application of the Tas2r inhibitor allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), G protein Gβγ subunit inhibitor Gallein or the phospholipase Cβ2 (PLCβ2) inhibitor U73122 reduces R. gnavus-elicited tuft cell proliferation or IL-25 release or both. Furthermore, Gng13 conditional knockout or Trpm5 knockout diminishes the expression of gasdermins C2, C3 and C4, and concomitantly increases the activated forms of caspases 3, 8 and 9 as well as the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the proximal colon. Together, our data suggest that taste signal transduction pathways are not only involved in the detection of R. gnavus infection, but also contribute to helping maintain gasdermin expression and prevent apoptotic cell death in the proximal colon, and these findings provide another strategy to combat R. gnavus infection and sheds light on new roles of taste signaling proteins along with gasdermins in protecting the integrity of the proximal colonic epithelium.

Tuft cells utilize taste signaling molecules to respond to the pathobiont microbe Ruminococcus gnavus in the proximal colon

Tuft cells are a group of rare epithelial cells that can detect pathogenic microbes and parasites. Many of these cells express signaling proteins initially found in taste buds. It is, however, not well understood how these taste signaling proteins contribute to the response to the invading pathogens or to the recovery of injured tissues. In this study, we conditionally nullified the signaling G protein subunit Gγ13 and found that the number of ectopic tuft cells in the injured lung was reduced following the infection of the influenza virus H1N1. Furthermore, the infected mutant mice exhibited significantly larger areas of lung injury, increased macrophage infiltration, severer pulmonary epithelial leakage, augmented pyroptosis and cell death, greater bodyweight loss, slower recovery, worsened fibrosis and increased fatality. Our data demonstrate that the Gγ13-mediated signal transduction pathway is critical to tuft cells-mediated inflammation resolution and functional repair of the damaged lungs.To our best knowledge, it is the first report indicating subtype-specific contributions of tuft cells to the resolution and recovery.

G protein subunit Gγ13-mediated signaling pathway is critical to the inflammation resolution and functional recovery of severely injured lungs

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Mimicking the Biological Sense of Taste In Vitro Using a Taste Organoids‐on‐a‐Chip System

Tuft cells utilize taste signaling molecules to respond to the pathobiont microbe Ruminococcus gnavus in the proximal colon

G protein subunit Gγ13-mediated signaling pathway is critical to the inflammation resolution and functional recovery of severely injured lungs