Exercise therapy is the first line treatment for patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) but is consistently underutilized. In this review, we aim to provide health care professionals with an overview of the latest evidence in the areas of exercise therapy for OA, which can serve as a guide for incorporating the ideal exercise therapy prescription in the overall management plan for their patients with OA.Evidence continues to be produced supporting the use of exercise therapy for all patients with knee or hip OA. Ample evidence exists suggesting exercise therapy is a safe form of treatment, for both joint structures and the patient overall. Several systematic reviews show that exercise therapy is likely to improve patient outcomes, regardless of disease severity or comorbidities. However, no single type of exercise therapy is superior to others.Health care practitioners and patients should be encouraged to incorporate exercise therapy into treatment plans and can be assured of the safety profile and likelihood of improvement in important patient outcomes. Since no single exercise therapy program shows vastly superior benefit, patient preference and contextual factors should be central to the shared decision-making process when selecting and individualising appropriate exercise therapy prescriptions. 

/pdf/exercise-therapy-for-knee-and-hip-osteoarthritis-is-there-an-1eu1w6oj.pdf

Exercise Therapy for Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis: Is There An Ideal Prescription?

Sustaining wellbore stability in depleted reservoirs is a crucial concern. With production from hydrocarbon reservoirs, the reservoir's pore pressure is reduced over time, and the reservoir is depleted since field development is one of the main purposes for oil companies. Heavy mud weight in depleted reservoir caused fracture due to reduced fracture gradient, and low mud weight caused blow out in high-pressure zone or well collapse due to shale beds that required high mud weight to prevent collapse. Considering geomechanics and coupled equilibrium equation, continuity equation, Hook’s law, compatibility equation, Darcy’s law, and thermal relation, the Thermo-poro-elastic equation was derived in this research. A finite element method has been designed to execute the fully coupled thermo-poro-elastic non-linear models. The finite element model was validated by analogizing it to the available analytical solutions for the thermo-poro-elastic wellbore troubles in shale. The non-linear thermal-poro-elasticity finite element model was used to analyze wellbore stability in a depleted limestone reservoir during drilling. The numerical results showed that a decrease drilling fluid’s temperature (cooling) causes to increase in the potential for tensile failure and reduces the potential of shear failure. Due to the depletion reservoir, the potential of tensile failure increased than shear failure, so heating the drilling fluid could cause wellbore stability in the depleted reservoir. Furthermore, based on the numerical results, it may be supposed that the drilling fluid’s temperature is one of the essential elements in the wellbore stability analysis in depleted reservoirs. 

Wellbore Stability in a Depleted Reservoir by Finite Element Analysis of Coupled thermo-poro-elastic Units in an Oilfield, SW Iran

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common degenerative joint disease in China, causing a huge economic burden on patients, families, and society. Standardized KOA rehabilitation treatment is an important means to prevent and treat the disease and promote the development of high-quality medical services. This guideline is updated on the basis of the 2016 and 2019 editions.Clinical questions regarding rehabilitation assessment and treatment were selected through clinical questions screening and deconstruction, and multiple rounds of Delphi questionnaire consultation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used as the theoretical framework, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method was used to grade the quality of evidence and recommendations.The reporting of this guideline followed the standard of Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT). Taking into account patients' preferences and values and the needs of Chinese clinical practice, a total of 11 clinical questions and 28 recommendations were established. The clinical questions were grouped into two categories: KOA assessment (body function, body structure, activity and participation, quality of life, and environmental factors and clinical outcomes assessment, resulting in 9 recommendations) and KOA treatment (health education, therapeutic exercise, therapeutic modalities, occupational therapy, assistive devices, and regenerative rehabilitation approaches, resulting in 19 recommendations).This is the first evidence-based guideline for KOA rehabilitation in China utilizing the ICF framework. This guideline provides key guidance for developing systematic, standardized, and precise rehabilitation protocols for KOA across various healthcare settings. 

Chinese guidelines for the rehabilitation treatment of knee osteoarthritis: An CSPMR evidence‐based practice guideline

Wellbore stability analysis is a critical component of petroleum engineering, evaluating the risks of sanding, reservoir compaction, and casing failures. Laboratory rock mechanical measurements must be scaled up to reservoir scales to achieve accurate results. One challenge lies in upscaling dynamic measurements from petrophysical logs to pseudo-static elastic properties, which has significant implications for oil and gas operations. We present a novel approach that combines laboratory rock mechanical measurements with well-log data to develop a mechanical earth model (MEM) for an Iranian oilfield with over 350 wells. We conducted static elastic property measurements on 40 core samples from various layers and depths of carbonate and sandstone rocks, demonstrating the practical application of our approach. By integrating these measurements with dynamic log data and static-dynamic correlations, we established a framework for evaluating the mechanical properties of different layers. Our findings indicate that the safe mud weight window ranges from 41.5 to 118.59 pcf, while the stable mud weight window ranges from 41.5 to 156 pcf. We demonstrate the importance of conducting parallel rock mechanical studies on cores and logs to reduce uncertainties, costs, and risks during oil and gas operations. We also propose a novel methodology combining lithological characteristics, abnormally high pressure, and borehole instability mechanisms to evaluate the stability of borehole walls. This framework provides a fresh perspective on wellbore stability analysis and offers practical solutions for the industry. Essential novel techniques include developing a geomechanical model that integrates laboratory rock mechanical measurements with well-log data to evaluate mechanical properties and calculate safe and stable mud-weight windows. Our study advances wellbore stability analysis by providing a new method for addressing this long-standing challenge. It offers valuable insights for petroleum engineers working in the oil and gas industry. 

Scaling-up dynamic elastic logs to pseudo-static elastic moduli of rocks using a wellbore stability analysis approach in the Marun oilfield, SW Iran

Quantitative Risk Assessment of Wellbore Collapse of Inclined Wells in Formations with Anisotropic Rock Strengths

Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of aquatic exercise for people with knee osteoarthritis. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CENTRAL, CNKI and WanFang databases were searched from 1966 to September 2022. Review methods Randomized controlled trials evaluating aquatic exercise for people with knee osteoarthritis compared with no exercise and land-based exercise were included. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. Results Twenty-two studies with 1394 participants were included. Compared with no exercise (13 trials with 746 participants), low-to high-certainty evidence revealed that aquatic exercise yielded significant improvements in patient-reported pain (SMD −0.58, 95% CI −0.82 to −0.33), stiffness (SMD −0.57, 95% CI −1.03 to −0.11) and physical function (SMD −0.35, 95% CI −0.52 to −0.18) immediately postintervention. A sustained effect was observed only for pain at three months postintervention (SMD −0.48, 95% CI −0.91 to −0.06). The confidence intervals demonstrated that the pooled results do not exclude the minimal clinically important differences. There were no significant differences between the effects of aquatic exercise and land-based exercise (13 trials with 648 participants) on pain (SMD −0.12, 95% CI −0.29 to 0.04), stiffness (SMD −0.17, 95% CI −0.49 to 0.16) or physical function (SMD −0.13, 95% CI −0.28 to 0.02). No study reported a serious adverse event in relation to aquatic exercise. Conclusion Aquatic exercise provides a short-term clinical benefit that is sustained for at least three months postintervention in terms of pain in people with knee osteoarthritis.

Efficacy and safety of aquatic exercise in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Active power security correction of power system is of great significance for the safe operation of power grid under bad conditions. In this paper, an active power security correction control method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is proposed. Firstly, by modeling the Markov process of active power security correction, the state space, action space and reward value of reinforcement learning method for active power security correction are designed. Secondly, using twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm (TD3), TD3 agent automatically learns the global optimal decision from the interaction with the environment. Then, a control framework combining “off-line training” and “on-line control” of power system security correction based on TD3 is built. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by IEEE 39 -bus system.

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Approach for Active Power Security Correction Control of Power System

Dynamic wellbore stability analysis based on thermo-poro-elastic model and quantitative risk assessment method

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Efficacy and safety of aquatic exercise in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Approach for Active Power Security Correction Control of Power System

Dynamic wellbore stability analysis based on thermo-poro-elastic model and quantitative risk assessment method